What the Data Do - and Do Not - Tell Us About Student Debt in California

Introduction

This report accompanies The Century Foundation’s report “Exact Title TBD: Student Debt and Race in California,” which examines how student debt puts outsized financial burdens on Black and Latino families in California, especially for graduate borrowers and parents.

Though California lawmakers rightly draw on national research on student debt and race, state-specific insights can be gleaned from national data sets. TCF’s state-level analyses here can help guide state policy that accounts for the distinct patterns of borrowing in California.

This report draws from the best sources of Califoria-specific data on student debt to explain in depth what we know (and do not know) about student debt in California. It relies primarily on four sources:

• The Federal Student Aid (FSA) Data Center
• The National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS)
• The Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking (SHED)
• The College Scorecard

We also draw from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) and the American Community Survey (ACS) to lesser extents.

The structure of this data-focused report mirrors that of the policy-focused report: the charts and tables in the policy report draw from our four primary data sources in the same order that they are presented here. The first figures in both reports draw from the FSA Data Center, they are followed by figures that draw from NPSAS, and so on.

This document is more descriptive than prescriptive. Even data queries did not show striking contrasts between groups are included for full transparency, so long as they are relevant to the examination of student loan debt’s burden on California borrowers.

This report is not a static PDF: you can toggle between different versions of charts and hover over barcharts to reveal the exact statistics. The code used to produce this document and its charts and tables can be found at this GitHub repository. All data sets used in this report are publicly available, courtesy of the U.S. Department of Education, the U.S. Federal Reserve, and the U.S. Census Bureau.

If you have any questions, please email Peter Granville at granville@tcf.org.

Federal Student Aid Data Center

About the data

The FSA Data Center is a repository of data and statistics on federal student aid, including spreadsheets on student loans reported directly from the National Student Loan Data System. For this analysis we use two files from the FSA Data Center:

• Quarterly reports on the federal student loan portfolio by borrower location, available here.
• Quarterly reports on Direct Loan disbursements and borrowers by program at the level of the institution, available here.

For “per capita” measures of student debt and borrowing in Table 1, the population for comparison is the estimated total of all California adults aged 18 to 50. I estimate these population totals using American Community Survey data reflecting calendar year 2021, available here.

Findings

Table 1 below shows how California compares to other states in its federal student loan debt per capita, its number of borrowers per capita, and its average federal student loan balance. California ranks well in the firs two measures due to a smaller percentage of its population holding debt than in other states. However, California’s borrowers exceed other states’ borrowers in their average balance. Californians who hold federal student loan debt averaged roughly $37,000 in June 2022.

Table 1

California’s rank on average debt measures

Measure	50-state median	California value	California rank
Federal student loan debt per capita	$10,568	$8,215	7
Federal student loan borrowers per capita	0.298	0.219	4
Average federal student loan balance	$35,249	$37,426	37

Data source and notes

Source: Federal Student Aid Data Center, spreadsheet on federal student loan portfolio by borrower location, available here, accessed December 2022. Data reflects the federal student loan portfolio as of June 30, 2022.

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Table 2 below shows the size of California’s outstanding federal student loan debt. California has the most outstanding federal student loan debt ($142 billion) and borrowers (3.8 million) of any state, amounting to around 9 percent of the nationwide rederal student loan portfolio.

Table 2

Size of California borrowers’ outstanding debt

Measure	U.S. total	California value	California share
Total outstanding federal student loan debt	$1,526,800,000,000	$146,100,000,000	9.6%
Total federal student loan borrowers	41,718,000	3,904,000	9.4%

Data source and notes

Source: Federal Student Aid Data Center, spreadsheet on federal student loan portfolio by borrower location, available here, accessed December 2022. Data reflects the federal student loan portfolio as of June 30, 2022.

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These may come as no surprise given that California has the nation’s largest populace, but it also means that California’s lawmakers can do more to change the course of the nation’s student debt crisis than any other state’s leaders.

Table 3 below draws from the FSA Data Center’s quarterly data on disbursements. To minimize any impact from the COVID-19 pandemic on our results, we examine data from the 2018-19 award year.

Table 3

Share of loan dollars disbursed in 2018-19 by loan type, California vs. U.S.

State	Subsidized	Unsubsidized undergraduate	Unsubsidized graduate	Parent PLUS loans	Grad PLUS
CA	19.0%	17.0%	31.8%	12.8%	19.4%
Rest of U.S.	22.0%	23.3%	29.6%	14.1%	11.0%

Data source and notes

Source: Federal Student Aid Data Center, spreadsheet on Direct Loan volume for Q4 2018-19, “Award year summary” tab, available here, accessed October 2022. We use the data on loan disbursements, not loan originations.

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Comparing California to the rest of the U.S., we find that:

• California’s federal student loan dollars are less concentrated in the Subsidized loan program and the Unsubsidized undergraduate loan program.
• California’s federal student loan dollars are slightly more concentrated in the Unsubsidized graduate loan program and slightly less concentrated in the Parent PLUS loan program.
• California’s federal student loan dollars are much more concentrated in the Grad PLUS loan program, at 19.4% versus 11.0% across the rest of the country.

A major public policy emphasis for state lawmakers, in California as anywhere, is the affordability of undergraduate programs. One sign of California’s success in that respect is the lower degree of undergraduate borrowing compared to across the rest of the country. (Of course, even small loan balances can strain a borrower’s financial life.)

By contrast, the average Grad PLUS and Parent PLUS loans in California are higher than in the rest of the U.S., as shown in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1

Data source and notes

Source: Federal Student Aid Data Center, spreadsheet on Direct Loan volume for Q4 2018-19, “Award year summary” tab, available here, accessed October 2022. We use the data on loan disbursements, not loan originations. These averages do not include students who receive no loans. Only four-year institutions are included.

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Across all three institutional control categories, California exceeds the rest of the U.S. in the average Parent PLUS loan and the average Grad PLUS loan. Unlike Stafford loans, Parent PLUS and Grad PLUS are both uncapped, meaning a borrower can take out as much as they would like any year. At California nonprofit and for-profit four-years, the average Parent PLUS loan per year is north of $20,000, and the average Grad PLUS loan per year is around $30,000. In both cases, the averages are lower at public institutions.

Not every graduate student borrows Grad PLUS, and not every parent who sends their child to college borrows Parent PLUS. However, high averages mean that the lasting burden between those who do borrow and those who do not is greater. These programs are two driving reasons why California has a higher average student loan balance than most other states (per Table 1).

National Postsecondary Student Aid Study

About the data

The statistics in the previous section are all based on state-level and institution-level data. For the most robust information on the relationship between student loan borrowing and race in California, we need student-level data. In the absence of a national student-level data set, we use survey data from the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS).

NPSAS is the largest survey of U.S. college students that has a primary focus on financial aid and college costs. The study has generally been conducted every four years, with the latest published data set reflecting the 2015-16 year (NPSAS:16). With every NPSAS release, separate data sets examine undergraduate and graduate students.

NPSAS data sets have not traditionally been used for state-level analyses, although the sample size for California students can be large enough to produce reliable estimates depending on the query. This past year, a new edition of NPSAS that was designed for state-representative samples was released. Known as NPSAS:18-AC (Administrative Collection), it draws from student records housed by colleges and the U.S. Department of Education for a sample of 325,000 undergraduates enrolled in 2017-18. Representative samples for public 4-year systems are available in NPSAS-AC for 45 states, and representative samples for public 2-year systems are available for 36 states. Thirty states have representative samples for undergraduate students overall. More information on NPSAS-AC can be found here.

In this section we rely primarily on NPSAS-AC. For analysis of graduate students, we use NPSAS:16 and filter for in-state students in California. The in-state condition is required to run this query in NPSAS:16.

These data are accessed using the National Center on Education Statistics’ (NCES) Datalab tool. Every query has a unique table retrieval number that can be used by any user to run the query in Datalab. These table retrieval numbers are included in the “Data source and notes” tabs of every chart.

Findings

This research is primarily interested in examining how factors like the racial wealth gap shape the lasting burdens of student debt among California borrowers. Figure 2 below compares average undergraduate borrowing by racial group at California public four-years, compared to U.S. public four-years.

Across all groups, the average federal loan total is lower in California than nationwide. However, California resembles the U.S. in that Black undergraduates and their families borrow more than their peers. California differs from the U.S. in that Latino/a undergraduates in the state borrow more than white undergraduates, though this is only the case for direct loans to the students and not Parent PLUS.

Figure 2

Data source and notes

Source: NPSAS:18-AC. Table retrieval number: lounfy.

Year(s) of analysis: Reflects students enrolled in the 2017-18 academic year. Only reflects undergraduate public 4-year institutions.

Note: Insufficient sample size for Native American / Alaskan Native population. Averages include those who took out no loans.

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NPSAS:18-AC does not have state-representative samples for graduate students, so we now use NPSAS:16 to compare the average federal loans for graduate students. California’s Black graduate students and those of two or more races borrow significantly more than those who identify with other groups, borrowing between $20,000 and $25,000 per year.

Figure 3

Data source and notes

Source: NPSAS:16. Table retrieval number: psiqll. Data can be accessed at NCES Datalab.

Year(s) of analysis: Reflects students enrolled in the 2015-16 academic year.

Notes: Private loans are also included in NPSAS, but the average loans are so small that Datalab considers the estimates unreliable. Due to limitations of NPSAS:16, this only applies to in-state students.

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It is striking how Black graduate students in California borrow an average that is roughly two-thirds higher than both the average for Black graduate students nationwide and the average for white graduate students in California.

Among California students, the sample is not sufficient for a breakdown by award level. For context, Figure 4 below shows a breakdown of gaps in average loans across all graduate program levels, reflecting the national sample in NPSAS-16.

In master’s programs, research doctorate programs, and professional doctorate programs (e.g. MDs and JDs), Black and Latino/a borrowers borrower more in average federal student loans per year than students from other groups. This demonstrates how professional doctorates show an extreme version of the trends just described.

Figure 4

Data source and notes

Source: NPSAS:16. Table retrieval number: vcbaev. Data can be accessed at NCES Datalab.

Year(s) of analysis: Reflects students enrolled in the 2015-16 academic year across the U.S.

Notes: Due to limitations of NPSAS:16, this only applies to in-state students.

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Editorial note: I added this figure late, so when I have more time I will rename it Figure 5 and rename the figures that follow.

Figure 4.1

Data source and notes

The averages here include those with no cumulative federal loans. *** #### {-}

NPSAS allows us to disaggregate by ethnicity, to a limited extent, for two racial groups (Hispanic and Asian). In California, average federal loans among Filipino undergraduates are higher than other Asian groups, matching a trend seen nationwide. Among Hispanic ethnicities in California, average loans are greatest among those of Puerto Rican descent.

Figure 5: Asian ethnicities

Figure 5: Hispanic ethnicities

Data source and notes

Source: NPSAS, table retrieval number ddgpwg (U.S. all), jejvld (California in-state), tpsawz (U.S. in-state).

Note: Filtered for 4-year colleges and U.S. citizenship. Limited to in-state, undergraduate students. “Total federal loans” includes Parent PLUS. No other racial groups besides Hispanic and Asian have breakouts by ethnicity in NPSAS.

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Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking

About the data

This is some information about SHED. Explain your process of variable selection: there are many but you chose the ones that seemed most relevant to the question of the financial burden of student loans. Emphasize here that the relationship between student loans and these variables may be chicken-and-egg, where we can’t say for sure what causes the other. Acknowledge the limitations of the sample size. Would it be nice to filter by institution level and control? Yes. Would it cut the sample size down very, very far? Yes. Small differences of one of two percentage points may be attributable to random noise that can raise from sampling. Remember to say that the respondents are heads of households, meaning that the population represented is that of U.S. adults. (Children are not included.) A good example of the kind of questions SHED answers that other datasets cannot: do borrowers think their education was worth it?

Findings

Here we tee up the findings.

Figure 6

Responses to “Do you currently have student loan debt or owe any money used to pay for your own education?”

Data source and notes

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Figure 7: Student loans

Responses to “Think about the money you currently owe for your own education. Is the money you owe for that education a student loan?”

Figure 7: Home equity

Responses to “Think about the money you currently owe for your own education. Is the money you owe for that education home equity?

Figure 7: Credit card debt

Responses to “Think about the money you currently owe for your own education. Is the money you owe for that education credit card debt?”

Data source and notes

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Figure 8: CA borrowers

Responses to “Thinking specifically about the money that you owe for your own education, please tell the total amount that you currently owe on these loans.”

Figure 8: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “Thinking specifically about the money that you owe for your own education, please tell the total amount that you currently owe on these loans.”

Data source and notes

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Figure 9: CA borrowers

Responses to “Approximately how much is the total monthly payment that you are required to make on the loans from your education?”

Figure 9: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “Approximately how much is the total monthly payment that you are required to make on the loans from your education?”

Data source and notes

Survey responses collected in 2020 and 2021 are not included due to the federal student loan payment pause in place that started in March 2020 and continued through all of 2021.
*** ### {-}

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Figure 10

Responses to “Are you behind on payments or in collections for one or more of the loans from your own education?”

Data source and notes

Survey responses collected in 2020 and 2021 are not included due to the federal student loan payment pause in place that started in March 2020 and continued through all of 2021.

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Figure 11: Debt for spouse’s or partner’s education

Responses to “Do you currently owe any money used to pay for your [spouse/ partner]’s education?”

Figure 11: Debt for child’s or grandchild’s education

Responses to “Do you currently owe any money used to pay for your child or grandchild’s education?”

Data source and notes

Figure 11 includes all respondents, not just those who have student debt for their own education. “Figure 11: Debt for spouse’s or partner’s education” does not include survey respondents without a spouse or partner. “Figure 11: Debt for child or grandchild’s education” does not include survey respondents without children or grandchildren. *** ### {-}

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Figure 12: CA borrowers

Responses to “What is the highest level of school you have completed or the highest degree you have received?”

Figure 12: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “What is the highest level of school you have completed or the highest degree you have received?”

Figure 12: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “What is the highest level of school you have completed or the highest degree you have received?”

Data source and notes

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Figure 13: CA borrowers

Responses to “Do you own your home?”

Figure 13: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “Do you own your home?”

Figure 13: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “Do you own your home?”

Data source and notes

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Figure 14: Student loan borrowers

Responses to “Do you currently have any outstanding unpaid credit card debt?”

Figure 14: Non-borrowers

Responses to “Do you currently have any outstanding unpaid credit card debt?”

Data source and notes

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Figure 15: CA borrowers

Responses to “In the past 12 months, how frequently have you carried an unpaid balance on one or more of your credit cards?”

Figure 15: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “In the past 12 months, how frequently have you carried an unpaid balance on one or more of your credit cards?”

Figure 15: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “In the past 12 months, how frequently have you carried an unpaid balance on one or more of your credit cards?”

Data source and notes

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Figure 16: CA borrowers

Responses to “What is the approximate total amount of your household’s savings and investments?”

Figure 16: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “What is the approximate total amount of your household’s savings and investments?”

Figure 16: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “What is the approximate total amount of your household’s savings and investments?”

Data source and notes

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Figure 17: CA borrowers

Responses to “Which of the following categories best describes the total income that you received from all sources, before taxes and deductions, in the past 12 months?”

Figure 17: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “Which of the following categories best describes the total income that you received from all sources, before taxes and deductions, in the past 12 months?”

Figure 17: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “Which of the following categories best describes the total income that you received from all sources, before taxes and deductions, in the past 12 months?”

Data source and notes

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Figure 18: CA borrowers

Responses to “Overall, which one of the following best describes how well you are managing financially these days?”

Figure 18: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “Overall, which one of the following best describes how well you are managing financially these days?”

Figure 18: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “Overall, which one of the following best describes how well you are managing financially these days?”

Data source and notes

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Figure 19: CA borrowers

Responses to “Think of your parents when they were your age. Would you say you (and your family) are better, the same, or worse off financially than they were?”

Figure 19: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “Think of your parents when they were your age. Would you say you (and your family) are better, the same, or worse off financially than they were?”

Figure 19: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “Think of your parents when they were your age. Would you say you (and your family) are better, the same, or worse off financially than they were?”

Data source and notes

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Figure 20: CA borrowers

Responses to “Where do you think your credit score falls?”

Figure 20: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “Where do you think your credit score falls?”

Figure 20: Non-borrowers

Responses to “Where do you think your credit score falls?”

Data source and notes

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Figure 21: CA borrowers

Responses to “Which best describes your ability to pay all of your bills in full this month?”

Figure 21: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “Which best describes your ability to pay all of your bills in full this month?”

Figure 21: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “Which best describes your ability to pay all of your bills in full this month?”

Data source and notes

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Figure 22: Ability to pay student loan bill

Responses to “Are you expecting to be unable to pay or only make a partial payment on your student loan bill this month?”

Figure 22: Ability to pay rent or mortgage bill

Responses to “Are you expecting to be unable to pay or only make a partial payment on each of the following bills this month?”

Figure 22: Ability to pay credit card bill

Responses to

Data source and notes

Survey years 2020 and 2021 not included in “Figure 22: Ability to pay student loan bill” due to the federal student loan repayment pause. ***

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Figure 23

Responses to “Would you likely skip paying, or make only a partial payment on, your student loan bill if you had a $400 emergency expense that you had to pay?”

Data source and notes

Limited to those who have student loans. Survey years 2020 and 2021 not included. *** ### {-}

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Figure 24: CA borrowers

Responses to “How would a $400 emergency expense that you had to pay impact your ability to pay your other bills this month?”

Figure 24: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “How would a $400 emergency expense that you had to pay impact your ability to pay your other bills this month?”

Figure 24: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “How would a $400 emergency expense that you had to pay impact your ability to pay your other bills this month?”

Data source and notes

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Figure 25: CA borrowers

Responses to “If you were to apply for a credit card today, how confident are you that you would be approved?”

Figure 25: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “If you were to apply for a credit card today, how confident are you that you would be approved?”

Figure 25: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “If you were to apply for a credit card today, how confident are you that you would be approved?”

Data source and notes

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Figure 26

Responses to “In the past 12 months, have you or your spouse/partner been turned down for credit?”

Data source and notes

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Add a lot of caveats before this next section.

Figure 27: Social Security

Responses to “In the past 12 months, have you [and/or your spouse/ parnter] received Social Security (including old age and DI)?”

Figure 27: Cash assistance

Responses to “In the past 12 months, have you [and/or your spouse/ parnter] received Supplemental Security Income (SSI), TANF, or cash assistance from a welfare program?”

Figure 27: EITC

Responses to “In the past 12 months, have you [and/or your spouse/ parnter] received the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)?”

Figure 27: SNAP

Responses to “In the past 12 months, have you [and/or your spouse/ parnter] received Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP or food stamps)?”

Figure 27: Housing assistance

Responses to “In the past 12 months, have you [and/or your spouse/ parnter] received housing assistance from a government program?”

Figure 27: FRPL

Responses to “In the past 12 months, have you [and/or your spouse/ parnter] received free or reduced price school lunches?”

Data source and notes

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It’s weird that the “Cover expenses with savings” bars are lower than the “Cover expenses by any means” bars.

Figure 28: Cover expenses with savings

Responses to “Have you set aside emergency or rainy day funds that would cover your expenses for 3 months in case of sickness, job loss, economic downturn, or other emergencies?”

Figure 28: Cover expenses by any means

Responses to “If you were to lose your main source of income (for example, job or government benefits), could you cover your expenses for 3 months by borrowing money, using savings, or selling assets?”

Data source and notes

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Figure 29: Pay $400 with credit card (no interest)

Responses to “Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? [Put it on my credit card and pay it off in full at the next statement]”

Figure 29: Pay $400 with credit card (with interest)

Responses to “Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? [Put it on my credit card and pay it off over time]”

Figure 29: Pay $400 with cash or savings

Responses to “Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? [With the money currently in my checking/savings account or with cash]”

Figure 29: Pay $400 with a bank loan

Responses to “Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? [Using money from a bank loan or line of credit]”

Figure 29: Pay $400 by borrowing from a friend

Responses to “Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? [By borrowing from a friend or family member]”

Figure 29: Pay $400 with a payday loan

Responses to “Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? [Using a payday loan, deposit advance, or overdraft]”

Figure 29: Pay $400 by selling something

Responses to “Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? [By selling something]”

Figure 29: Unable to pay $400

Responses to “Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? [I wouldn’t be able to pay for the expense right now]”

Data source and notes

Responses are not exclusive to each other. For an example, a respondent could say that they would sell belongings and use a payday loan. Because of this, groups’ bars cannot be stacked on top of each other in one chart and are instead presented here in a series of charts. *** ### {-}

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Figure 30: CA borrowers

Responses to “Overall, how would you say the lifetime financial benefits of your [current/most recent] educational program compare to its financial costs?”

Figure 30: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “Overall, how would you say the lifetime financial benefits of your [current/most recent] educational program compare to its financial costs?”

Figure 30: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “Overall, how would you say the lifetime financial benefits of your [current/most recent] educational program compare to its financial costs?”

Data source and notes

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Figure 31: Different field

Responses to “If you could go back and make your education decisions again, would you have chosen a different field of study?”

Figure 31: Different school

Responses to “If you could go back and make your education decisions again, would you have attended a different school?”

Figure 31: Less education

Responses to “If you could go back and make your education decisions again, would have not attended college or completed less education?”

Figure 31: More education

Responses to “If you could go back and make your education decisions again, would you have completed more education?”

Data source and notes

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Figure 32: Gender

Share who are male:

Data source and notes

The gender variable, as collected and reported by SHED, only has “male” and “female” values. *** ### {-}

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Figure 33: CA borrowers

Level of higher education institution

Figure 33: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Level of higher education institution

Figure 33: CA non-borrowers

Level of higher education institution

Data source and notes

Only includes those who had college experience.

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Figure 34: CA borrowers

Control of higher education institution

Figure 34: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Control of higher education institution

Figure 34: CA non-borrowers

Control of higher education institution

Data source and notes

Only includes those who had college experience.

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College Scorecard

About the data

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Findings

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Table 4: Stafford debt

Top 100 California institutions by average outstanding Stafford balance

Institution name	Control of institution	Total outstanding Stafford loan debt	Total Stafford loan borrowers	Average outstanding Stafford debt
Life Chiropractic College West	Non-profit	$463,530,000	3,560	$130,200
Western University of Health Sciences	Non-profit	$1,465,447,000	12,240	$119,700
The Wright Institute	Non-profit	$149,248,000	1,310	$114,300
Southern California University of Health Sciences	Non-profit	$527,940,000	4,770	$110,700
Touro University California	Non-profit	$830,509,000	8,410	$98,800
Palo Alto University	Non-profit	$259,552,000	2,660	$97,500
Marshall B Ketchum University	Non-profit	$170,318,000	1,750	$97,200
Five Branches University	For-profit	$82,985,000	920	$90,600
Yo San University of Traditional Chinese Medicine	Non-profit	$57,925,000	690	$83,800
Fielding Graduate University	Non-profit	$317,320,000	3,870	$81,900
Alliant International University-San Diego	For-profit	$1,208,153,000	14,800	$81,600
University of California-San Francisco	Public	$471,915,000	6,720	$70,200
Loma Linda University	Non-profit	$1,135,047,000	16,360	$69,400
Sofia University	For-profit	$89,498,000	1,330	$67,500
John F. Kennedy University	Non-profit	$405,147,000	6,010	$67,400
Pacifica Graduate Institute	For-profit	$205,005,000	3,060	$67,000
California Institute of Integral Studies	Non-profit	$367,350,000	5,590	$65,700
Emperor’s College of Traditional Oriental Medicine	For-profit	$62,447,000	970	$64,300
California Western School of Law	Non-profit	$351,054,000	5,490	$63,900
Saybrook University	Non-profit	$155,795,000	2,460	$63,300
Pacific College of Health and Science	For-profit	$380,438,000	6,140	$61,900
Claremont Graduate University	Non-profit	$377,122,000	6,160	$61,200
Thomas Jefferson School of Law	Non-profit	$319,679,000	5,350	$59,700
The Chicago School of Professional Psychology at Los Angeles	Non-profit	$1,413,054,000	23,910	$59,100
San Joaquin College of Law	Non-profit	$68,170,000	1,200	$57,000
Fuller Theological Seminary	Non-profit	$304,041,000	5,360	$56,700
Southwestern Law School	Non-profit	$338,985,000	6,040	$56,100
American Film Institute Conservatory	Non-profit	$71,632,000	1,290	$55,700
Samuel Merritt University	Non-profit	$411,515,000	7,650	$53,800
South Baylo University	Non-profit	$61,510,000	1,150	$53,300
Pacific School of Religion	Non-profit	$33,728,000	660	$51,300
Claremont School of Theology	Non-profit	$41,610,000	840	$49,500
University of California-Hastings College of Law	Public	$247,993,000	5,050	$49,100
Southern California Institute of Architecture	Non-profit	$73,517,000	1,520	$48,500
Golden Gate University-San Francisco	Non-profit	$445,812,000	9,770	$45,600
University of Southern California	Non-profit	$4,153,059,000	91,130	$45,600
Pacific Oaks College	Non-profit	$279,540,000	6,140	$45,600
University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences	For-profit	$412,448,000	9,140	$45,100
University of the Pacific	Non-profit	$1,013,043,000	22,480	$45,100
Keck Graduate Institute	Non-profit	$50,782,000	1,150	$44,000
The Santa Barbara and Ventura Colleges of Law at Ventura	Non-profit	$23,362,000	530	$43,700
Newschool of Architecture and Design	For-profit	$83,410,000	2,060	$40,500
Pepperdine University	Non-profit	$1,147,364,000	28,360	$40,500
University of West Los Angeles	For-profit	$60,243,000	1,530	$39,500
Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science	Non-profit	$132,003,000	3,510	$37,600
University of La Verne	Non-profit	$1,166,422,000	31,700	$36,800
American Jewish University	Non-profit	$23,910,000	660	$36,400
Humphreys University-Stockton and Modesto Campuses	Non-profit	$182,055,000	5,020	$36,300
California Institute of the Arts	Non-profit	$203,315,000	5,650	$36,000
Notre Dame de Namur University	Non-profit	$205,288,000	5,950	$34,500
Art Center College of Design	Non-profit	$186,835,000	5,730	$32,600
Azusa Pacific University	Non-profit	$1,293,070,000	40,440	$32,000
Holy Names University	Non-profit	$154,485,000	4,950	$31,200
National University	Non-profit	$2,601,824,000	83,380	$31,200
Brandman University	Non-profit	$780,452,000	25,160	$31,000
San Francisco Conservatory of Music	Non-profit	$39,854,000	1,300	$30,700
Whittier College	Non-profit	$303,707,000	9,890	$30,700
California Baptist University	Non-profit	$1,004,644,000	32,730	$30,700
Loyola Marymount University	Non-profit	$771,231,000	25,180	$30,600
Woodbury University	Non-profit	$174,003,000	5,750	$30,300
University of San Francisco	Non-profit	$919,186,000	30,690	$30,000
San Francisco Art Institute	Non-profit	$88,233,000	2,950	$29,900
Academy of Art University	For-profit	$1,428,742,000	48,010	$29,800
Chapman University	Non-profit	$992,096,000	33,560	$29,600
University of San Diego	Non-profit	$678,870,000	23,170	$29,300
California College of the Arts	Non-profit	$155,492,000	5,430	$28,600
Mills College	Non-profit	$175,686,000	6,380	$27,600
Touro University Worldwide	Non-profit	$100,452,000	3,650	$27,500
Santa Clara University	Non-profit	$371,665,000	13,510	$27,500
Northcentral University	Non-profit	$1,060,572,000	38,650	$27,400
University of Redlands	Non-profit	$537,993,000	19,680	$27,300
Dominican University of California	Non-profit	$178,589,000	6,570	$27,200
Design Institute of San Diego	For-profit	$31,830,000	1,180	$27,100
Point Loma Nazarene University	Non-profit	$367,303,000	13,580	$27,100
American University of Health Sciences	For-profit	$31,615,000	1,180	$26,900
Mount Saint Mary’s University	Non-profit	$372,344,000	13,970	$26,700
South Coast College	For-profit	$62,386,000	2,390	$26,100
California Lutheran University	Non-profit	$326,493,000	12,610	$25,900
SAE Expression College	For-profit	$75,153,000	2,930	$25,600
Saint Mary’s College of California	Non-profit	$312,148,000	12,240	$25,500
Fresno Pacific University	Non-profit	$385,775,000	15,160	$25,400
Hope International University	Non-profit	$149,024,000	5,860	$25,400
United States University	For-profit	$45,205,000	1,830	$24,700
Stanford University	Non-profit	$230,561,000	9,440	$24,400
Concordia University-Irvine	Non-profit	$353,980,000	14,520	$24,400
West Coast University-Los Angeles	For-profit	$790,941,000	32,500	$24,300
University of California-Los Angeles	Public	$1,881,849,000	77,490	$24,300
La Sierra University	Non-profit	$230,739,000	9,750	$23,700
Biola University	Non-profit	$337,316,000	14,300	$23,600
California State University-San Bernardino	Public	$1,175,920,000	49,960	$23,500
California College San Diego	Non-profit	$163,911,000	7,000	$23,400
Otis College of Art and Design	Non-profit	$92,190,000	3,960	$23,300
Epic Bible College	Non-profit	$18,449,000	800	$22,900
Ashford University	For-profit	$7,290,839,000	335,960	$21,700
Laguna College of Art and Design	Non-profit	$37,397,000	1,740	$21,400
New York Film Academy	For-profit	$59,199,000	2,780	$21,300
Vanguard University of Southern California	Non-profit	$192,866,000	9,260	$20,800
Cogswell University of Silicon Valley	For-profit	$36,808,000	1,770	$20,800
Simpson University	Non-profit	$112,695,000	5,460	$20,600
San Francisco State University	Public	$1,454,911,000	71,430	$20,400

Table 4: Parent PLUS debt

Top 100 California institutions by average outstanding Parent PLUS balance

Institution name	Control of institution	Total outstanding Parent PLUS loan debt	Total Parent PLUS loan borrowers	Average outstanding Parent PLUS debt
Art Center College of Design	Non-profit	$53,590,000	720	$74,400
California Institute of the Arts	Non-profit	$41,449,000	610	$67,700
Santa Clara University	Non-profit	$82,133,000	1,220	$67,100
Loyola Marymount University	Non-profit	$203,642,000	3,130	$65,100
University of San Diego	Non-profit	$221,883,000	3,460	$64,200
University of Southern California	Non-profit	$379,764,000	6,240	$60,800
Pepperdine University	Non-profit	$131,540,000	2,240	$58,700
Saint Mary’s College of California	Non-profit	$98,391,000	1,700	$57,900
New York Film Academy	For-profit	$47,706,000	840	$56,500
University of the Pacific	Non-profit	$144,678,000	2,720	$53,200
West Coast University-Los Angeles	For-profit	$245,286,000	4,620	$53,000
Dominican University of California	Non-profit	$50,737,000	970	$52,500
University of San Francisco	Non-profit	$143,504,000	2,780	$51,600
Stanford University	Non-profit	$31,279,000	610	$51,600
Otis College of Art and Design	Non-profit	$46,878,000	930	$50,500
Academy of Art University	For-profit	$296,076,000	6,070	$48,800
Biola University	Non-profit	$105,992,000	2,210	$48,000
Westmont College	Non-profit	$30,654,000	650	$47,200
Point Loma Nazarene University	Non-profit	$72,811,000	1,570	$46,500
Chapman University	Non-profit	$188,988,000	4,200	$45,000
California Baptist University	Non-profit	$159,155,000	3,730	$42,700
Concordia University-Irvine	Non-profit	$40,052,000	950	$42,200
University of Redlands	Non-profit	$56,611,000	1,350	$42,000
Notre Dame de Namur University	Non-profit	$29,284,000	730	$40,000
FIDM-Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising-Los Angeles	For-profit	$308,508,000	7,800	$39,600
Columbia College Hollywood	Non-profit	$34,603,000	890	$39,000
SAE Expression College	For-profit	$20,088,000	520	$38,900
Woodbury University	Non-profit	$40,134,000	1,050	$38,400
Whittier College	Non-profit	$42,411,000	1,120	$38,000
California Lutheran University	Non-profit	$80,701,000	2,150	$37,500
Menlo College	Non-profit	$19,582,000	520	$37,300
Musicians Institute	For-profit	$52,900,000	1,440	$36,600
University of California-Los Angeles	Public	$278,616,000	7,760	$35,900
University of California-Berkeley	Public	$195,622,000	5,480	$35,700
University of La Verne	Non-profit	$80,979,000	2,320	$34,900
California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo	Public	$244,954,000	7,090	$34,500
Cogswell University of Silicon Valley	For-profit	$17,997,000	530	$34,200
Azusa Pacific University	Non-profit	$123,693,000	3,770	$32,800
Vanguard University of Southern California	Non-profit	$37,573,000	1,160	$32,400
California College of the Arts	Non-profit	$25,175,000	780	$32,400
University of California-Santa Cruz	Public	$184,818,000	5,850	$31,600
Holy Names University	Non-profit	$15,747,000	500	$31,400
University of California-Santa Barbara	Public	$227,754,000	7,330	$31,100
Marymount California University	Non-profit	$19,453,000	650	$29,900
San Diego State University	Public	$218,029,000	7,300	$29,900
University of California-Davis	Public	$194,059,000	6,510	$29,800
University of California-San Diego	Public	$139,333,000	4,820	$28,900
California State University Maritime Academy	Public	$15,874,000	550	$28,900
La Sierra University	Non-profit	$41,450,000	1,450	$28,600
Los Angeles Film School	For-profit	$84,763,000	2,960	$28,600
University of California-Irvine	Public	$257,729,000	9,150	$28,200
Pacific Union College	Non-profit	$17,328,000	620	$28,100
Mount Saint Mary’s University	Non-profit	$58,970,000	2,170	$27,200
William Jessup University	Non-profit	$13,684,000	510	$26,600
Sonoma State University	Public	$79,101,000	3,090	$25,600
California State University-Channel Islands	Public	$40,159,000	1,590	$25,300
San Francisco State University	Public	$184,370,000	7,410	$24,900
University of California-Merced	Public	$52,433,000	2,150	$24,400
University of California-Riverside	Public	$169,814,000	7,070	$24,000
California State University-Fullerton	Public	$38,985,000	1,740	$22,400
Humboldt State University	Public	$26,413,000	1,200	$22,000
California State University-San Marcos	Public	$22,995,000	1,060	$21,800
California State University-East Bay	Public	$35,018,000	1,610	$21,800
San Jose State University	Public	$97,666,000	4,490	$21,800
California State University-Chico	Public	$34,291,000	1,610	$21,300
California State Polytechnic University-Pomona	Public	$31,240,000	1,490	$21,000
California State University-Sacramento	Public	$105,493,000	5,170	$20,400
California State University-Long Beach	Public	$27,057,000	1,390	$19,400
California State University-Fresno	Public	$14,199,000	730	$19,400
California State University-Monterey Bay	Public	$19,784,000	1,070	$18,500
Fresno Pacific University	Non-profit	$10,648,000	580	$18,500
Santa Barbara City College	Public	$10,572,000	580	$18,200
California State University-San Bernardino	Public	$29,975,000	1,760	$17,100
Make-up Designory	For-profit	$15,843,000	940	$16,900
Stanbridge University	For-profit	$9,707,000	580	$16,700
California State University-Northridge	Public	$18,332,000	1,130	$16,200
California State University-Stanislaus	Public	$13,587,000	930	$14,600
West Coast Ultrasound Institute	For-profit	$9,333,000	670	$13,900
Unitek College	For-profit	$18,834,000	1,400	$13,500
Gurnick Academy of Medical Arts	For-profit	$9,979,000	740	$13,500
Ashford University	For-profit	$16,160,000	1,220	$13,200
Spartan College of Aeronautics & Technology	For-profit	$8,735,000	670	$13,000
California State University-Dominguez Hills	Public	$7,780,000	600	$12,900
American Career College-Ontario	For-profit	$15,631,000	1,400	$11,100
University of Antelope Valley	For-profit	$7,240,000	680	$10,700
Platt College-Los Angeles	For-profit	$12,956,000	1,250	$10,300
Concorde Career College-Garden Grove	For-profit	$8,452,000	820	$10,300
Concorde Career College-North Hollywood	For-profit	$9,769,000	980	$10,000
American Career College-Los Angeles	For-profit	$30,709,000	3,220	$9,500
Glendale Career College	For-profit	$6,240,000	670	$9,300
Concorde Career College-San Diego	For-profit	$6,102,000	670	$9,100
San Joaquin Valley College-Visalia	For-profit	$58,630,000	6,470	$9,100
Career Care Institute	For-profit	$4,574,000	520	$8,900
Concorde Career College-San Bernardino	For-profit	$8,042,000	910	$8,900
Carrington College-Sacramento	For-profit	$25,291,000	2,870	$8,800
Summit College	For-profit	$7,711,000	1,010	$7,700
UEI College-Fresno	For-profit	$9,019,000	1,190	$7,600
North-West College-Pomona	For-profit	$8,193,000	1,100	$7,400
UEI College-Gardena	For-profit	$10,958,000	1,490	$7,400
Institute of Technology	For-profit	$8,304,000	1,190	$7,000

Table 4: Grad PLUS debt

Top California institutions by average outstanding Grad PLUS balance

Institution name	Control of institution	Total outstanding Grad PLUS loan debt	Total Grad PLUS loan borrowers	Average outstanding Grad PLUS debt
Southwestern Law School	Non-profit	$466,086,000	3,520	$132,500
Palo Alto University	Non-profit	$188,296,000	1,420	$132,400
Thomas Jefferson School of Law	Non-profit	$386,041,000	2,940	$131,500
Whittier College	Non-profit	$192,420,000	1,540	$125,400
American Film Institute Conservatory	Non-profit	$78,440,000	680	$115,700
University of the Pacific	Non-profit	$722,725,000	6,440	$112,300
Five Branches University	For-profit	$58,339,000	530	$110,700
Saybrook University	Non-profit	$152,165,000	1,380	$110,200
Touro University California	Non-profit	$647,324,000	5,880	$110,200
Western University of Health Sciences	Non-profit	$912,829,000	8,440	$108,100
California Western School of Law	Non-profit	$317,943,000	3,010	$105,700
Sofia University	For-profit	$52,479,000	520	$101,300
Golden Gate University-San Francisco	Non-profit	$207,740,000	2,220	$93,800
Keck Graduate Institute	Non-profit	$76,608,000	840	$91,400
The Chicago School of Professional Psychology at Los Angeles	Non-profit	$811,043,000	8,890	$91,200
Santa Clara University	Non-profit	$246,523,000	2,720	$90,800
Claremont Graduate University	Non-profit	$229,647,000	2,600	$88,400
Samuel Merritt University	Non-profit	$245,456,000	2,780	$88,100
Loma Linda University	Non-profit	$528,678,000	6,180	$85,600
University of California-Hastings College of Law	Public	$223,922,000	2,670	$83,800
Pacifica Graduate Institute	For-profit	$148,600,000	1,770	$83,800
Loyola Marymount University	Non-profit	$447,255,000	5,450	$82,100
Chapman University	Non-profit	$408,464,000	5,080	$80,300
California Institute of Integral Studies	Non-profit	$192,777,000	2,410	$80,100
University of Southern California	Non-profit	$2,829,189,000	35,830	$79,000
Alliant International University-San Diego	For-profit	$396,053,000	5,040	$78,500
The Wright Institute	Non-profit	$55,801,000	740	$75,600
Fielding Graduate University	Non-profit	$81,590,000	1,130	$72,000
John F. Kennedy University	Non-profit	$95,757,000	1,380	$69,100
University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences	For-profit	$401,398,000	5,810	$69,000
New York Film Academy	For-profit	$34,630,000	510	$67,800
Marshall B Ketchum University	Non-profit	$49,058,000	730	$67,200
Pepperdine University	Non-profit	$623,055,000	9,350	$66,600
West Coast University-Los Angeles	For-profit	$67,178,000	1,050	$64,100
University of San Francisco	Non-profit	$398,078,000	6,350	$62,700
California Institute of the Arts	Non-profit	$61,305,000	1,000	$61,200
University of San Diego	Non-profit	$356,275,000	5,840	$61,000
University of California-Berkeley	Public	$321,216,000	5,260	$61,000
University of La Verne	Non-profit	$122,504,000	2,180	$56,100
Life Chiropractic College West	Non-profit	$65,701,000	1,200	$55,000
Stanford University	Non-profit	$119,632,000	2,190	$54,700
Mount Saint Mary’s University	Non-profit	$42,389,000	780	$54,200
University of California-Los Angeles	Public	$519,517,000	9,680	$53,700
Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science	Non-profit	$82,399,000	1,630	$50,500
University of California-Irvine	Public	$159,556,000	3,220	$49,600
University of California-San Francisco	Public	$134,746,000	2,730	$49,300
Pacific College of Health and Science	For-profit	$53,568,000	1,100	$48,600
California College of the Arts	Non-profit	$37,551,000	840	$44,900
Dominican University of California	Non-profit	$22,939,000	520	$44,500
University of California-Davis	Public	$170,363,000	3,850	$44,200
Academy of Art University	For-profit	$225,305,000	5,130	$43,900
Southern California University of Health Sciences	Non-profit	$54,429,000	1,310	$41,400
Fuller Theological Seminary	Non-profit	$37,919,000	950	$40,000
University of California-Santa Barbara	Public	$30,178,000	830	$36,500
Mills College	Non-profit	$32,719,000	920	$35,400
University of California-San Diego	Public	$68,236,000	1,990	$34,200
Saint Mary’s College of California	Non-profit	$32,742,000	990	$33,100
California Baptist University	Non-profit	$69,832,000	2,130	$32,800
Azusa Pacific University	Non-profit	$243,019,000	7,500	$32,400
California Lutheran University	Non-profit	$16,958,000	570	$29,900
Pacific Oaks College	Non-profit	$14,060,000	500	$27,800
University of California-Riverside	Public	$50,625,000	1,830	$27,600
Northcentral University	Non-profit	$227,499,000	8,460	$26,900
Brandman University	Non-profit	$107,302,000	4,050	$26,500
University of Redlands	Non-profit	$26,865,000	1,030	$26,000
Ashford University	For-profit	$36,036,000	1,710	$21,100
California State University-San Marcos	Public	$17,114,000	930	$18,500
California State University-Northridge	Public	$18,034,000	1,010	$17,900
San Diego State University	Public	$31,383,000	1,800	$17,400
California State University-Long Beach	Public	$10,096,000	610	$16,400
San Francisco State University	Public	$26,683,000	1,890	$14,100
San Jose State University	Public	$26,497,000	2,100	$12,600
National University	Non-profit	$130,947,000	10,970	$11,900

Table 4: Total debt

Top 100 California institutions by total outstanding loan balance

Institution name	Control of institution	Total outstanding debt
University of Southern California	Non-profit	$7,362,011,000
Ashford University	For-profit	$7,343,035,000
National University	Non-profit	$2,740,725,000
University of California-Los Angeles	Public	$2,679,982,000
Academy of Art University	For-profit	$1,950,123,000
Pepperdine University	Non-profit	$1,901,959,000
University of the Pacific	Non-profit	$1,880,446,000
California State University-Northridge	Public	$1,703,645,000
Loma Linda University	Non-profit	$1,680,780,000
San Diego State University	Public	$1,678,789,000
San Francisco State University	Public	$1,665,963,000
Azusa Pacific University	Non-profit	$1,659,782,000
University of California-Berkeley	Public	$1,610,725,000
Alliant International University-San Diego	For-profit	$1,605,193,000
Chapman University	Non-profit	$1,589,548,000
University of California-Davis	Public	$1,534,082,000
University of California-Irvine	Public	$1,505,062,000
University of San Francisco	Non-profit	$1,460,768,000
California State University-Sacramento	Public	$1,439,264,000
Loyola Marymount University	Non-profit	$1,422,127,000
California State University-Long Beach	Public	$1,413,343,000
University of La Verne	Non-profit	$1,369,905,000
California State University-Fullerton	Public	$1,262,686,000
University of San Diego	Non-profit	$1,257,027,000
California Baptist University	Non-profit	$1,233,632,000
California State University-San Bernardino	Public	$1,211,396,000
University of California-Riverside	Public	$1,178,156,000
University of California-San Diego	Public	$1,129,847,000
San Jose State University	Public	$1,112,765,000
University of California-Santa Barbara	Public	$1,040,125,000
California State University-Los Angeles	Public	$944,089,000
California State University-Fresno	Public	$903,141,000
Brandman University	Non-profit	$889,725,000
University of California-Santa Cruz	Public	$824,556,000
California State Polytechnic University-Pomona	Public	$791,568,000
California State University-Dominguez Hills	Public	$788,559,000
California State University-East Bay	Public	$737,210,000
California State University-Chico	Public	$734,119,000
Santa Clara University	Non-profit	$700,320,000
California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo	Public	$697,132,000
Samuel Merritt University	Non-profit	$666,251,000
University of Redlands	Non-profit	$621,470,000
Southern California University of Health Sciences	Non-profit	$582,606,000
FIDM-Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising-Los Angeles	For-profit	$558,480,000
California State University-San Marcos	Public	$557,321,000
Whittier College	Non-profit	$538,538,000
Humboldt State University	Public	$502,392,000
John F. Kennedy University	Non-profit	$501,504,000
Mount Saint Mary’s University	Non-profit	$473,703,000
Sonoma State University	Public	$461,694,000
California State University-Bakersfield	Public	$457,630,000
Biola University	Non-profit	$451,712,000
Palo Alto University	Non-profit	$448,438,000
Point Loma Nazarene University	Non-profit	$443,415,000
Saint Mary’s College of California	Non-profit	$443,280,000
California Lutheran University	Non-profit	$424,152,000
California State University-Stanislaus	Public	$418,313,000
Concordia University-Irvine	Non-profit	$402,230,000
Fresno Pacific University	Non-profit	$401,028,000
Stanford University	Non-profit	$381,473,000
California Institute of the Arts	Non-profit	$306,070,000
La Sierra University	Non-profit	$286,591,000
California State University-Monterey Bay	Public	$284,417,000
Art Center College of Design	Non-profit	$267,319,000
Dominican University of California	Non-profit	$252,265,000
California State University-Channel Islands	Public	$248,845,000
University of California-Merced	Public	$244,659,000
Notre Dame de Namur University	Non-profit	$238,658,000
Vanguard University of Southern California	Non-profit	$232,167,000
Mills College	Non-profit	$221,747,000
Woodbury University	Non-profit	$221,604,000
California College of the Arts	Non-profit	$218,218,000
Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science	Non-profit	$217,138,000
Trident University International	For-profit	$209,470,000
Humphreys University-Stockton and Modesto Campuses	Non-profit	$187,905,000
Holy Names University	Non-profit	$175,883,000
Otis College of Art and Design	Non-profit	$147,248,000
New York Film Academy	For-profit	$141,536,000
Stanbridge University	For-profit	$131,041,000
Keck Graduate Institute	Non-profit	$128,299,000
Southern California Institute of Architecture	Non-profit	$127,419,000
Simpson University	Non-profit	$125,318,000
San Francisco Art Institute	Non-profit	$124,524,000
Newschool of Architecture and Design	For-profit	$117,801,000
William Jessup University	Non-profit	$101,497,000
Occidental College	Non-profit	$83,199,000
Marymount California University	Non-profit	$69,483,000
Laguna College of Art and Design	Non-profit	$65,419,000
San Francisco Conservatory of Music	Non-profit	$61,203,000
Los Angeles Pacific University	Non-profit	$58,394,000
Empire College	For-profit	$54,682,000
American University of Health Sciences	For-profit	$40,486,000
American Jewish University	Non-profit	$31,758,000
Westcliff University	For-profit	$19,853,000
John Paul the Great Catholic University	Non-profit	$18,246,000
University of the West	Non-profit	$9,142,000
Academy of Chinese Culture and Health Sciences	Non-profit	NA
Avalon School of Cosmetology-Alameda	For-profit	NA
College of Alameda	Public	NA
Allan Hancock College	Public	NA

Data source and notes

Only 73 institutions have at least 500 borrowers with outstanding Grad PLUS debt. *** ### {-}

Table 5

Top 100 institutions based outside California, by estimated outstanding debt from online enrollment by California students

Institution name	State	Estimated students from California enrolled online	Estimated outstanding debt from California students enrolled online
University of Phoenix-Arizona	AZ	7,690	$3,033,074,000
Grand Canyon University	AZ	18,310	$1,890,235,000
DeVry University-Illinois	IL	1,800	$864,964,000
Walden University	MN	3,200	$795,580,000
University of Maryland Global Campus	MD	10,110	$540,717,000
Capella University	MN	1,710	$370,081,000
Arizona State University Campus Immersion	AZ	4,430	$289,438,000
Southern New Hampshire University	NH	5,800	$283,713,000
Western Governors University	UT	7,660	$252,840,000
Liberty University	VA	1,620	$174,306,000
American Public University System	WV	4,230	$173,197,000
Purdue University Global	IN	580	$147,685,000
Northern Arizona University	AZ	1,200	$87,545,000
American InterContinental University	AZ	210	$87,148,000
Full Sail University	FL	500	$80,491,000
South University-Savannah	GA	280	$71,531,000
Johns Hopkins University	MD	1,130	$67,791,000
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University-Daytona Beach	FL	1,320	$65,624,000
Colorado Technical University-Colorado Springs	CO	360	$63,223,000
Columbia Southern University	AL	1,350	$58,300,000
George Washington University	DC	470	$55,440,000
Gonzaga University	WA	500	$54,062,000
Stevens-Henager College	UT	470	$52,717,000
Concordia University-Portland	OR	340	$52,316,000
Ultimate Medical Academy	FL	630	$50,333,000
Post University	CT	520	$49,028,000
Regis University	CO	300	$47,738,000
Bellevue University	NE	480	$47,277,000
University of Arizona	AZ	670	$46,760,000
Oregon State University	OR	870	$45,406,000
Strayer University-District of Columbia	DC	220	$44,716,000
Nova Southeastern University	FL	80	$43,456,000
Logan University	MO	70	$43,064,000
Boise State University	ID	800	$38,532,000
Columbia College	MO	330	$37,310,000
New York University	NY	240	$34,344,000
Brigham Young University-Idaho	ID	2,510	$32,406,000
Boston University	MA	340	$32,213,000
Georgetown University	DC	200	$30,909,000
University of Denver	CO	170	$30,328,000
Creighton University	NE	120	$26,281,000
Prescott College	AZ	120	$25,092,000
Ottawa University-Ottawa	KS	140	$24,341,000
Northeastern University	MA	390	$21,666,000
Regent University	VA	140	$20,462,000
Harvard University	MA	550	$20,439,000
Washington State University	WA	320	$20,352,000
Excelsior College	NY	2,200	$17,914,000
Simmons University	MA	100	$16,890,000
Colorado Christian University	CO	260	$16,523,000
Bryan University	AZ	100	$15,542,000
Syracuse University	NY	170	$15,223,000
Colorado State University-Fort Collins	CO	250	$14,988,000
Portland State University	OR	160	$13,921,000
Park University	MO	260	$13,841,000
Charter College	WA	110	$13,796,000
Wilmington University	DE	170	$13,532,000
Pennsylvania State University-Main Campus	PA	190	$13,500,000
Berklee College of Music	MA	170	$13,092,000
DePaul University	IL	80	$12,607,000
Grambling State University	LA	40	$12,543,000
Tulane University of Louisiana	LA	80	$11,616,000
Webster University	MO	40	$10,525,000
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign	IL	210	$9,995,000
Columbia University in the City of New York	NY	90	$9,665,000
Grantham University	KS	180	$9,561,000
University of Nevada-Reno	NV	230	$9,493,000
Maryville University of Saint Louis	MO	100	$9,339,000
The University of Alabama	AL	140	$9,253,000
University of New England	ME	50	$9,244,000
Southern Oregon University	OR	120	$9,115,000
University of Hawaii at Manoa	HI	140	$8,819,000
MCPHS University	MA	50	$8,801,000
Waldorf University	IA	220	$8,532,000
NUC University	PR	110	$8,379,000
Loyola University New Orleans	LA	40	$8,355,000
Franklin University	OH	40	$8,142,000
Fordham University	NY	60	$7,814,000
National Paralegal College	AZ	100	$7,645,000
Hawaii Pacific University	HI	80	$7,540,000
Rasmussen University-Minnesota	MN	60	$7,354,000
Southern Methodist University	TX	80	$7,183,000
American University	DC	50	$7,083,000
University of Colorado Boulder	CO	150	$7,066,000
Keiser University-Ft Lauderdale	FL	40	$7,060,000
George Fox University	OR	60	$6,933,000
Jackson State University	MS	30	$6,874,000
Northwestern University	IL	80	$6,708,000
Loyola University Chicago	IL	50	$6,692,000
Bryant & Stratton College-Buffalo	NY	30	$6,513,000
University of Utah	UT	120	$6,466,000
Concordia University-Chicago	IL	80	$6,244,000
National American University-Rapid City	SD	20	$6,146,000
University of Nevada-Las Vegas	NV	90	$6,098,000
LeTourneau University	TX	50	$6,082,000
Graceland University-Lamoni	IA	50	$6,062,000
Upper Iowa University	IA	50	$5,974,000
Duke University	NC	80	$5,972,000
Purdue University-Main Campus	IN	160	$5,948,000
Indiana University-Bloomington	IN	100	$5,892,000

Data source and notes

Estimated enrollment is based on 2018 data. Estimated debt is based on data as of 2022. *** ### {-}

California public segments

Public segments of California higher education by outstanding federal student loan debt

Segment	Outstanding Stafford debt	Outstanding Parent PLUS debt	Outstanding Grad PLUS debt	Total debt
California Community Colleges	$4,165,851,000	$38,537,000	$0	$4,204,388,000
California State University	$18,561,803,000	$1,316,346,000	$191,927,000	$20,070,076,000
University of California	$9,436,226,000	$1,700,179,000	$1,689,365,000	$12,825,770,000
All segments	$32,163,879,000	$3,055,061,000	$1,881,292,000	$37,100,233,000

All California sectors

Sectors of California higher education by outstanding federal student loan debt

Sector	Outstanding Stafford debt	Outstanding Parent PLUS debt	Outstanding Grad PLUS debt	Total debt
For-profit	$20,629,814,000	$1,621,262,000	$1,546,676,000	$23,797,752,000
Non-profit	$36,862,451,000	$3,253,504,000	$13,778,933,000	$53,894,889,000
Public	$32,217,284,000	$3,055,304,000	$1,881,292,000	$37,153,880,000
All sectors	$89,709,549,000	$7,930,071,000	$17,206,902,000	$114,846,521,000

Data source and notes

---

Table 7

California institutions with the highest shares of undergraduates borrowing loans

Institution name	Control	Percent of undergraduates who receive federal student loans	Median debt at graduation
Premiere Career College	For-profit	93.8%	$15,932
Mayfield College	For-profit	91.7%	$9,025
InterCoast Colleges-Santa Ana	For-profit	90.6%	$10,055
Mount Saint Mary’s University	Non-profit	88.7%	$25,000
West Coast University-Los Angeles	For-profit	87.9%	$33,319
Pacific Oaks College	Non-profit	87.3%	$26,319
Stanbridge University	For-profit	87.0%	$20,002
Southern California Health Institute	For-profit	84.9%	$9,500
West Coast Ultrasound Institute	For-profit	83.9%	$20,667
American College of Healthcare and Technology	For-profit	80.3%	$9,500
Chamberlain University-California	For-profit	80.1%	$22,204
UEI College-Gardena	For-profit	79.9%	$9,500
Platt College-Los Angeles	For-profit	79.5%	$18,873
High Desert Medical College	For-profit	77.7%	$15,866
UEI College-Fresno	For-profit	77.4%	$9,500
Glendale Career College	For-profit	77.3%	$9,500
Santa Barbara Business College-Bakersfield	For-profit	77.1%	$16,163
Career Care Institute	For-profit	75.9%	$12,978
United Education Institute-Huntington Park Campus	For-profit	73.6%	$9,500
Los Angeles Pacific University	Non-profit	73.4%	$10,500
MTI College	For-profit	73.4%	$8,762
CBD College	Non-profit	73.0%	$18,250
Concorde Career College-Garden Grove	For-profit	72.7%	$11,898
Career Networks Institute	For-profit	72.6%	$26,479
Fresno Pacific University	Non-profit	70.5%	$23,219
Hussian College-Los Angeles	For-profit	70.2%	$16,666
National Career College	For-profit	69.9%	$8,391
Concorde Career College-San Bernardino	For-profit	69.5%	$9,500
Gurnick Academy of Medical Arts	For-profit	68.8%	$17,317
California Baptist University	Non-profit	68.7%	$27,000
Whittier College	Non-profit	68.5%	$25,000
North-West College-Pomona	For-profit	68.1%	$9,500
Saint Mary’s College of California	Non-profit	68.0%	$24,000
Hope International University	Non-profit	66.4%	$23,750
Salon Success Academy-Corona	For-profit	66.1%	$7,177
Southern California Institute of Technology	For-profit	65.6%	$10,908
Concorde Career College-North Hollywood	For-profit	65.4%	$11,000
Blake Austin College	For-profit	65.3%	$9,500
Summit College	For-profit	64.3%	$7,600
Universal Technical Institute of California Inc	For-profit	64.1%	$14,243
William Jessup University	Non-profit	64.1%	$22,334
North-West College-West Covina	For-profit	64.0%	$9,500
La Sierra University	Non-profit	63.9%	$27,000
Simpson University	Non-profit	63.5%	$19,742
Universal Technical Institute of Northern California Inc	For-profit	63.1%	$13,875
Paul Mitchell the School-Temecula	For-profit	62.5%	$13,583
Los Angeles Film School	For-profit	62.3%	$23,000
Paul Mitchell the School-Sacramento	For-profit	62.1%	$6,333
American Career College-Ontario	For-profit	62.0%	$9,500
University of La Verne	Non-profit	61.9%	$24,250
Spartan College of Aeronautics & Technology	For-profit	61.8%	$20,000
Dominican University of California	Non-profit	60.8%	$27,000
Loma Linda University	Non-profit	60.6%	$20,082
Concordia University-Irvine	Non-profit	60.5%	$23,949
American Career College-Los Angeles	For-profit	60.3%	$9,500
San Joaquin Valley College-Visalia	For-profit	60.3%	$10,673
Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey	Non-profit	60.0%	$13,293
Milan Institute-Visalia	For-profit	59.5%	$7,917
Concorde Career College-San Diego	For-profit	59.1%	$9,500
Paul Mitchell the School-Modesto	For-profit	58.1%	$6,333
University of Redlands	Non-profit	58.1%	$26,249
Ashford University	For-profit	56.7%	$31,802
Biola University	Non-profit	56.3%	$24,273
DeVry University-California	For-profit	56.0%	$28,308
Samuel Merritt University	Non-profit	55.3%	$20,389
Point Loma Nazarene University	Non-profit	54.6%	$23,000
Milan Institute of Cosmetology-Fairfield	For-profit	53.9%	$6,333
Federico Beauty Institute	For-profit	53.8%	$6,272
Westmont College	Non-profit	53.6%	$23,250
California Lutheran University	Non-profit	52.7%	$21,750
Carrington College-Sacramento	For-profit	52.2%	$10,813
Aveda Institute-Los Angeles	For-profit	52.1%	$6,333
Paul Mitchell the School-Costa Mesa	For-profit	51.8%	$9,916
University of the Pacific	Non-profit	51.6%	$19,500
University of San Francisco	Non-profit	51.3%	$23,250
California College San Diego	Non-profit	51.3%	$25,726
Make-up Designory	For-profit	51.2%	$4,962
FIDM-Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising-Los Angeles	For-profit	50.4%	$14,165
National Holistic Institute	For-profit	50.2%	$9,500
Humboldt State University	Public	50.0%	$17,993
Bellus Academy-Poway	For-profit	49.7%	$9,154
The Master’s University and Seminary	Non-profit	48.3%	$21,000
University of Antelope Valley	For-profit	48.2%	$13,388
Chapman University	Non-profit	48.0%	$20,500
University of California-Merced	Public	47.5%	$17,500
Academy of Art University	For-profit	47.2%	$31,000
Institute of Technology	For-profit	47.1%	$9,500
Milan Institute-Fresno	For-profit	46.3%	$6,333
University of California-Riverside	Public	45.0%	$18,000
Occidental College	Non-profit	44.8%	$22,336
Art Center College of Design	Non-profit	44.4%	$31,218
Azusa Pacific University	Non-profit	43.9%	$23,350
California State University-Chico	Public	43.6%	$16,931
Institute of Culinary Education	For-profit	42.0%	$6,439
Pepperdine University	Non-profit	40.5%	$25,000
Brandman University	Non-profit	40.4%	$23,451
University of Phoenix-California	For-profit	40.2%	$32,421
California State University-Monterey Bay	Public	40.2%	$13,750
Institute for Business and Technology	For-profit	39.3%	$8,152
University of California-Santa Cruz	Public	38.9%	$17,484

Data source and notes

---

xxx

Table 8: Stafford

California institutions by ratio of Stafford borrowers’ current balance to original balance, 10 years into repayment

Institution name	Control of institution	Ratio of current Stafford balance to original balance, 10 years into repayment	Average outstanding Stafford debt, 10 years into repayment
Solano Community College	Public	1.191	$12,127
InterCoast Colleges-Santa Ana	For-profit	1.183	$9,845
Humphreys University-Stockton and Modesto Campuses	Non-profit	1.179	$19,479
Victor Valley College	Public	1.167	$9,407
Mt San Jacinto Community College District	Public	1.159	$10,730
Antelope Valley College	Public	1.153	$9,079
California College San Diego	Non-profit	1.149	$15,667
Fremont College	For-profit	1.139	$12,567
San Joaquin Delta College	Public	1.134	$8,892
Santa Barbara Business College-Bakersfield	For-profit	1.129	$8,873
Santiago Canyon College	Public	1.118	$6,854
Copper Mountain Community College	Public	1.117	$12,325
Berkeley City College	Public	1.109	$8,586
Compton College	Public	1.108	$5,370
Hussian College-Los Angeles	For-profit	1.099	$10,544
Los Angeles Mission College	Public	1.096	$6,789
Folsom Lake College	Public	1.092	$7,355
Milan Institute of Cosmetology-Fairfield	For-profit	1.092	$8,793
United Education Institute-Huntington Park Campus	For-profit	1.089	$7,386
California Aeronautical University	For-profit	1.086	$8,329
College of the Siskiyous	Public	1.075	$8,314
Citrus College	Public	1.066	$6,900
Milan Institute-Fresno	For-profit	1.052	$7,868
American River College	Public	1.052	$7,681
West Los Angeles College	Public	1.051	$7,571
Platt College-Los Angeles	For-profit	1.049	$13,422
UEI College-Fresno	For-profit	1.045	$6,351
Advanced College	For-profit	1.040	$9,018
Bellus Academy-Chula Vista	For-profit	1.039	$8,046
University of Antelope Valley	For-profit	1.038	$6,905
Columbia College Hollywood	Non-profit	1.036	$17,468
West Hills College-Coalinga	Public	1.034	$5,817
Cerro Coso Community College	Public	1.033	$6,342
Healthcare Career College	For-profit	1.033	$5,343
Institute of Technology	For-profit	1.032	$6,762
West Hills College-Lemoore	Public	1.029	$4,740
Chabot College	Public	1.017	$6,636
Summit College	For-profit	1.015	$9,805
Sacramento City College	Public	1.009	$8,322
American Career College-Ontario	For-profit	1.008	$6,957
San Joaquin Valley College-Visalia	For-profit	1.008	$9,850
College of Marin	Public	1.002	$9,207
El Camino Community College District	Public	1.002	$5,934
Columbia College - Los Alamitos	Non-profit	1.001	$11,478
John F. Kennedy University	Non-profit	0.995	$17,888
Bellus Academy-El Cajon	For-profit	0.992	$6,809
PCI College	For-profit	0.991	$8,078
Milan Institute-Palm Desert	For-profit	0.989	$6,627
East Los Angeles College	Public	0.989	$8,498
Valley College of Medical Careers	For-profit	0.989	$6,410
Concorde Career College-San Diego	For-profit	0.988	$7,514
Rio Hondo College	Public	0.987	$7,382
Cambridge Junior College-Yuba City	For-profit	0.987	$7,226
Milan Institute-Visalia	For-profit	0.987	$6,615
Adrian’s College of Beauty Turlock	For-profit	0.984	$7,418
Platt College-San Diego	For-profit	0.981	$16,131
Allan Hancock College	Public	0.981	$7,903
Cosumnes River College	Public	0.980	$6,997
DeVry University-California	For-profit	0.979	$13,654
Sierra College	Public	0.976	$7,788
Butte College	Public	0.975	$7,241
North Adrian’s College of Beauty Inc	For-profit	0.975	$5,869
Concorde Career College-San Bernardino	For-profit	0.974	$8,204
Gavilan College	Public	0.973	$5,391
Cypress College	Public	0.966	$7,821
American Academy of Dramatic Arts-Los Angeles	Non-profit	0.962	$9,400
Capstone College	For-profit	0.960	$4,709
Feather River Community College District	Public	0.959	$5,304
Los Angeles Pierce College	Public	0.958	$6,957
American Career College-Los Angeles	For-profit	0.954	$6,970
Academy of Art University	For-profit	0.951	$11,640
Pacific Oaks College	Non-profit	0.948	$15,056
University of Phoenix-California	For-profit	0.940	$8,681
California State University-San Bernardino	Public	0.934	$13,403
Bakersfield College	Public	0.934	$5,512
Southern California Institute of Technology	For-profit	0.931	$7,500
Alliant International University-San Diego	For-profit	0.930	$11,581
Empire College	For-profit	0.929	$8,790
Holy Names University	Non-profit	0.924	$11,978
Carrington College-Sacramento	For-profit	0.923	$8,461
ATI College-Norwalk	For-profit	0.920	$9,912
National Polytechnic College	For-profit	0.915	$6,250
Premiere Career College	For-profit	0.909	$7,687
College of the Redwoods	Public	0.908	$6,177
Institute for Business and Technology	For-profit	0.908	$6,101
Santa Barbara City College	Public	0.907	$6,466
Long Beach City College	Public	0.907	$4,901
Antioch University-Los Angeles	Non-profit	0.904	$14,230
Mendocino College	Public	0.902	$6,500
Pacific College	For-profit	0.899	$10,118
Ashford University	For-profit	0.899	$6,616
Monterey Peninsula College	Public	0.898	$5,720
North-West College-Pomona	For-profit	0.889	$6,795
Career Care Institute	For-profit	0.888	$6,476
Merritt College	Public	0.888	$4,951
Ventura College	Public	0.887	$7,098
MTI College	For-profit	0.886	$6,941
San Francisco Art Institute	Non-profit	0.884	$13,365
Santa Barbara Business College-Santa Maria	For-profit	0.882	$7,188
University of La Verne	Non-profit	0.881	$13,808
Lancaster Beauty School	For-profit	0.881	$4,716
Coba Academy	For-profit	0.880	$7,858
San Bernardino Valley College	Public	0.876	$4,093
San Jose City College	Public	0.873	$4,178
Colleen O’Haras Beauty Academy	For-profit	0.873	$6,322
Shasta College	Public	0.872	$5,863
Avalon School of Cosmetology-Alameda	For-profit	0.872	$4,575
Yuba College	Public	0.870	$5,616
San Diego City College	Public	0.869	$4,177
Southern California Institute of Architecture	Non-profit	0.868	$18,613
California State University-Dominguez Hills	Public	0.866	$8,347
Cabrillo College	Public	0.863	$6,510
Lassen Community College	Public	0.859	$4,218
Fullerton College	Public	0.857	$4,345
City College of San Francisco	Public	0.857	$6,694
Spartan College of Aeronautics & Technology	For-profit	0.855	$9,757
Los Angeles City College	Public	0.855	$4,273
Coastline Community College	Public	0.854	$4,947
Concorde Career College-North Hollywood	For-profit	0.852	$7,236
Trident University International	For-profit	0.850	$8,117
Irvine Valley College	Public	0.847	$5,413
NTMA Training Centers of Southern California	Non-profit	0.845	$4,840
Cuyamaca College	Public	0.843	$3,434
Palomar College	Public	0.843	$3,363
College of the Canyons	Public	0.842	$5,583
Mission College	Public	0.840	$5,096
The Chicago School of Professional Psychology at Los Angeles	Non-profit	0.831	$9,098
Universal Technical Institute of Northern California Inc	For-profit	0.830	$9,359
CET-San Jose	Non-profit	0.829	$3,589
South Coast College	For-profit	0.828	$11,419
Newschool of Architecture and Design	For-profit	0.825	$14,367
SAE Expression College	For-profit	0.825	$16,435
California Baptist University	Non-profit	0.824	$12,778
De Anza College	Public	0.823	$5,862
California Healing Arts College	For-profit	0.822	$5,162
Moorpark College	Public	0.822	$6,130
Glendale Career College	For-profit	0.821	$7,376
Los Angeles Film School	For-profit	0.820	$5,758
Woodbury University	Non-profit	0.815	$15,471
Glendale Community College	Public	0.809	$4,867
Career Networks Institute	For-profit	0.808	$6,699
Pima Medical Institute-Chula Vista	For-profit	0.806	$6,042
Fresno City College	Public	0.806	$3,052
Marymount California University	Non-profit	0.803	$4,852
Los Angeles Center	Non-profit	0.802	$12,636
La Sierra University	Non-profit	0.802	$9,338
San Diego Miramar College	Public	0.802	$3,478
California State University-Bakersfield	Public	0.799	$8,368
Bellus Academy-Poway	For-profit	0.794	$5,624
Associated Technical College-San Diego	For-profit	0.792	$2,500
Royale College of Beauty and Barbering	For-profit	0.791	$4,001
National University	Non-profit	0.791	$11,069
Evergreen Valley College	Public	0.787	$5,532
Santa Monica College	Public	0.786	$3,638
UEI College-Gardena	For-profit	0.784	$4,395
Design Institute of San Diego	For-profit	0.784	$16,619
Santa Ana College	Public	0.778	$5,360
California State University-Los Angeles	Public	0.777	$6,928
Pasadena City College	Public	0.776	$4,010
College of the Sequoias	Public	0.774	$3,798
Salon Success Academy-Corona	For-profit	0.773	$4,287
Orange Coast College	Public	0.769	$4,450
Reedley College	Public	0.768	$2,607
Modern Technology School	For-profit	0.761	$9,158
California State University-Northridge	Public	0.760	$8,709
Humboldt State University	Public	0.760	$9,394
Cerritos College	Public	0.757	$4,012
Napa Valley College	Public	0.753	$6,108
Hope International University	Non-profit	0.752	$9,199
Musicians Institute	For-profit	0.749	$4,849
Chamberlain University-California	For-profit	0.746	$11,742
Concorde Career College-Garden Grove	For-profit	0.743	$6,473
West Valley College	Public	0.740	$3,780
Chaffey College	Public	0.737	$2,564
Mills College	Non-profit	0.736	$10,446
San Diego Mesa College	Public	0.735	$3,185
Stanbridge University	For-profit	0.732	$6,395
California Hair Design Academy	For-profit	0.728	$4,042
Southwestern College	Public	0.726	$2,752
California State University-San Marcos	Public	0.723	$8,823
Trinity Law School	Non-profit	0.722	$9,558
Pitzer College	Non-profit	0.721	$6,554
San Francisco State University	Public	0.720	$9,389
Design’s School of Cosmetology	For-profit	0.718	$3,668
National Holistic Institute	For-profit	0.717	$4,640
Fresno Pacific University	Non-profit	0.717	$9,228
Blake Austin College	For-profit	0.716	$6,172
Mount Saint Mary’s University	Non-profit	0.715	$10,709
Los Angeles Harbor College	Public	0.715	$4,115
Casa Loma College-Van Nuys	Non-profit	0.715	$6,999
College of the Desert	Public	0.715	$3,162
Universal Technical Institute of California Inc	For-profit	0.714	$7,264
California State University-Fresno	Public	0.711	$8,116
Santa Rosa Junior College	Public	0.708	$4,748
California Institute of the Arts	Non-profit	0.707	$11,241
Ohlone College	Public	0.707	$5,600
Menlo College	Non-profit	0.705	$8,143
Los Angeles Valley College	Public	0.700	$3,191
Asher College	For-profit	0.698	$3,130
California State University-East Bay	Public	0.698	$7,764
Hypnosis Motivation Institute	Non-profit	0.697	$4,992
Salon Success Academy-Upland	For-profit	0.696	$3,509
Golden West College	Public	0.694	$3,812
Saddleback College	Public	0.693	$3,827
Riverside City College	Public	0.687	$3,496
Diablo Valley College	Public	0.685	$3,723
California State University-Channel Islands	Public	0.684	$6,942
California College of the Arts	Non-profit	0.682	$12,256
Federico Beauty Institute	For-profit	0.677	$4,230
San Diego Christian College	Non-profit	0.676	$8,143
CBD College	Non-profit	0.676	$9,161
Golden Gate University-San Francisco	Non-profit	0.671	$10,539
Chapman University	Non-profit	0.667	$10,193
California State University-Stanislaus	Public	0.665	$6,704
Cuesta College	Public	0.662	$3,599
California State University-Sacramento	Public	0.658	$7,641
Art Center College of Design	Non-profit	0.651	$12,966
North-West College-West Covina	For-profit	0.650	$3,392
Brownson Technical School	For-profit	0.650	$3,459
Mt San Antonio College	Public	0.649	$3,685
Palladium Technical Academy Inc	For-profit	0.649	$3,720
Vanguard University of Southern California	Non-profit	0.648	$8,851
West Coast Ultrasound Institute	For-profit	0.648	$7,286
San Diego State University	Public	0.648	$7,801
Simpson University	Non-profit	0.648	$8,054
Professional Golfers Career College	For-profit	0.647	$6,843
North-West College-Van Nuys	For-profit	0.642	$3,379
MiraCosta College	Public	0.640	$2,464
Central California School of Continuing Education	For-profit	0.636	$4,550
Paul Mitchell the School-Costa Mesa	For-profit	0.630	$4,901
Notre Dame de Namur University	Non-profit	0.627	$9,305
Sonoma State University	Public	0.623	$7,825
Grossmont College	Public	0.621	$2,352
Life Pacific University	Non-profit	0.617	$7,225
Otis College of Art and Design	Non-profit	0.610	$10,227
West Coast University-Los Angeles	For-profit	0.610	$8,274
University of California-Riverside	Public	0.607	$6,817
William Jessup University	Non-profit	0.601	$8,326
Pacific Union College	Non-profit	0.601	$7,322
California State University-Fullerton	Public	0.596	$6,486
Associated Technical College-Los Angeles	For-profit	0.593	$1,801
California State University-Monterey Bay	Public	0.590	$5,491
Palomar Institute of Cosmetology	For-profit	0.587	$3,645
Central Coast College	For-profit	0.577	$2,538
California State University-Chico	Public	0.573	$6,148
Career Academy of Beauty	For-profit	0.572	$2,410
Dominican University of California	Non-profit	0.572	$8,343
FIDM-Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising-Los Angeles	For-profit	0.570	$4,390
Foothill College	Public	0.569	$4,355
Concordia University-Irvine	Non-profit	0.566	$7,163
Azusa Pacific University	Non-profit	0.565	$7,904
Saint Mary’s College of California	Non-profit	0.557	$7,283
California Lutheran University	Non-profit	0.554	$7,220
California State Polytechnic University-Pomona	Public	0.553	$6,359
Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science	Non-profit	0.550	$7,547
Lytles Redwood Empire Beauty College Inc	For-profit	0.544	$4,294
Newberry School of Beauty	For-profit	0.543	$2,254
Laguna College of Art and Design	Non-profit	0.540	$7,792
Pepperdine University	Non-profit	0.530	$8,122
California State University-Long Beach	Public	0.527	$5,378
Whittier College	Non-profit	0.525	$6,312
University of California-Santa Barbara	Public	0.521	$5,927
University of California-Santa Cruz	Public	0.517	$5,615
Interior Designers Institute	For-profit	0.508	$6,349
University of the Pacific	Non-profit	0.508	$6,936
University of Redlands	Non-profit	0.507	$6,284
Contra Costa College	Public	0.496	$2,251
University of San Francisco	Non-profit	0.496	$6,953
University of California-Merced	Public	0.487	$3,309
University of California-Berkeley	Public	0.486	$5,481
Touro University California	Non-profit	0.482	$5,759
San Jose State University	Public	0.473	$4,685
University of California-Irvine	Public	0.472	$5,291
University of California-Los Angeles	Public	0.470	$5,245
Miami Ad School-San Francisco	For-profit	0.459	$6,149
Culinary Institute of America at Greystone	Non-profit	0.455	$4,846
Point Loma Nazarene University	Non-profit	0.449	$5,939
Los Angeles County College of Nursing and Allied Health	Public	0.447	$4,607
Loyola Marymount University	Non-profit	0.441	$5,641
California Career College	For-profit	0.435	$4,344
Marian Health Careers Center-Los Angeles Campus	For-profit	0.432	$4,024
Biola University	Non-profit	0.427	$5,492
University of San Diego	Non-profit	0.413	$4,836
University of California-Davis	Public	0.411	$3,910
California State University Maritime Academy	Public	0.404	$5,800
Loma Linda University	Non-profit	0.403	$5,893
The Master’s University and Seminary	Non-profit	0.399	$4,719
Bard College - MAT Program CA	Non-profit	0.391	$4,743
University of Southern California	Non-profit	0.375	$5,302
University of California-San Diego	Public	0.364	$4,253
Gemological Institute of America-Carlsbad	Non-profit	0.342	$2,250
Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey	Non-profit	0.315	$2,903
Bethel Seminary-San Diego	Non-profit	0.314	$4,058
California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo	Public	0.305	$3,740
Stanford University	Non-profit	0.296	$2,210
Santa Clara University	Non-profit	0.284	$3,266
Occidental College	Non-profit	0.281	$2,761
Scripps College	Non-profit	0.276	$2,505
Thomas Aquinas College	Non-profit	0.263	$2,580
Westmont College	Non-profit	0.256	$2,898
Pomona College	Non-profit	0.223	$1,615
Samuel Merritt University	Non-profit	0.209	$3,388
Claremont McKenna College	Non-profit	0.137	$950
Harvey Mudd College	Non-profit	0.100	$1,056

Table 8: Parent PLUS

California institutions by ratio of Parent PLUS borrowers’ current balance to original balance, 10 years into repayment

Institution name	Control of institution	Ratio of current Parent PLUS balance to original balance, 10 years into repayment	Average outstanding Parent PLUS debt, 10 years into repayment
La Sierra University	Non-profit	0.850	$14,979
Platt College-Los Angeles	For-profit	0.805	$13,598
Saint Mary’s College of California	Non-profit	0.797	$31,091
California Institute of the Arts	Non-profit	0.786	$32,780
Academy of Art University	For-profit	0.743	$20,864
Art Center College of Design	Non-profit	0.721	$36,159
California State University-Northridge	Public	0.711	$8,782
Woodbury University	Non-profit	0.708	$19,291
Musicians Institute	For-profit	0.706	$17,722
Marymount California University	Non-profit	0.701	$10,346
FIDM-Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising-Los Angeles	For-profit	0.700	$18,299
Whittier College	Non-profit	0.685	$19,308
SAE Expression College	For-profit	0.675	$23,761
Loyola Marymount University	Non-profit	0.673	$27,648
The Master’s University and Seminary	Non-profit	0.669	$15,521
University of La Verne	Non-profit	0.666	$11,421
Dominican University of California	Non-profit	0.663	$27,314
Vanguard University of Southern California	Non-profit	0.663	$15,090
University of San Diego	Non-profit	0.655	$30,724
University of Southern California	Non-profit	0.653	$28,523
Otis College of Art and Design	Non-profit	0.649	$15,540
California State University-East Bay	Public	0.640	$8,641
Culinary Institute of America at Greystone	Non-profit	0.640	$18,132
Pepperdine University	Non-profit	0.633	$21,597
Bard College - MAT Program CA	Non-profit	0.630	$22,415
California State Polytechnic University-Pomona	Public	0.626	$8,975
California Baptist University	Non-profit	0.616	$12,487
California State University-Fullerton	Public	0.616	$7,811
San Joaquin Valley College-Visalia	For-profit	0.613	$6,408
Menlo College	Non-profit	0.613	$14,453
California State University-Fresno	Public	0.610	$7,120
Notre Dame de Namur University	Non-profit	0.607	$15,527
California College of the Arts	Non-profit	0.606	$12,580
DeVry University-California	For-profit	0.603	$9,086
California State University-San Bernardino	Public	0.595	$5,694
Point Loma Nazarene University	Non-profit	0.593	$16,740
Concordia University-Irvine	Non-profit	0.592	$13,261
Stanford University	Non-profit	0.591	$23,424
Westmont College	Non-profit	0.591	$19,145
Santa Clara University	Non-profit	0.572	$27,244
Summit College	For-profit	0.562	$5,599
Azusa Pacific University	Non-profit	0.560	$13,604
University of Redlands	Non-profit	0.557	$14,257
California Lutheran University	Non-profit	0.554	$9,474
San Francisco State University	Public	0.553	$9,485
University of Antelope Valley	For-profit	0.552	$3,436
Simpson University	Non-profit	0.544	$9,942
California State University-Sacramento	Public	0.540	$7,123
University of San Francisco	Non-profit	0.535	$19,350
California State University-Stanislaus	Public	0.530	$6,436
San Jose State University	Public	0.529	$7,838
Hope International University	Non-profit	0.526	$7,283
Mount Saint Mary’s University	Non-profit	0.523	$6,914
California State University-Long Beach	Public	0.521	$7,412
Occidental College	Non-profit	0.517	$16,707
University of California-Los Angeles	Public	0.516	$10,023
University of Phoenix-California	For-profit	0.515	$4,204
Concorde Career College-San Diego	For-profit	0.511	$4,691
Biola University	Non-profit	0.510	$14,989
Universal Technical Institute of Northern California Inc	For-profit	0.500	$7,593
American Career College-Ontario	For-profit	0.499	$3,832
Columbia College - Los Alamitos	Non-profit	0.495	$5,528
Concorde Career College-North Hollywood	For-profit	0.488	$4,745
California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo	Public	0.487	$10,130
University of California-Merced	Public	0.479	$7,054
Fresno Pacific University	Non-profit	0.479	$6,879
Universal Technical Institute of California Inc	For-profit	0.478	$7,760
Chapman University	Non-profit	0.476	$9,501
Spartan College of Aeronautics & Technology	For-profit	0.468	$5,992
Institute of Technology	For-profit	0.464	$2,602
University of the Pacific	Non-profit	0.462	$13,274
Concorde Career College-San Bernardino	For-profit	0.445	$3,914
California State University-Channel Islands	Public	0.439	$6,666
University of California-Riverside	Public	0.439	$6,363
California State University-Monterey Bay	Public	0.435	$5,019
Ashford University	For-profit	0.432	$4,459
United Education Institute-Huntington Park Campus	For-profit	0.431	$2,656
University of California-San Diego	Public	0.428	$6,992
Casa Loma College-Van Nuys	Non-profit	0.419	$5,426
Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey	Non-profit	0.417	$12,402
San Diego State University	Public	0.415	$7,108
Concorde Career College-Garden Grove	For-profit	0.410	$4,799
University of California-Irvine	Public	0.407	$7,898
Carrington College-Sacramento	For-profit	0.407	$3,690
Sonoma State University	Public	0.405	$7,534
California State University-Chico	Public	0.403	$6,196
Institute for Business and Technology	For-profit	0.403	$3,441
American Career College-Los Angeles	For-profit	0.403	$3,353
University of California-Santa Barbara	Public	0.393	$8,654
California State University Maritime Academy	Public	0.387	$8,238
Milan Institute-Visalia	For-profit	0.386	$1,850
Hussian College-Los Angeles	For-profit	0.382	$3,360
Humboldt State University	Public	0.363	$4,827
University of California-Santa Cruz	Public	0.357	$7,845
Bethel Seminary-San Diego	Non-profit	0.340	$7,236
Milan Institute-Palm Desert	For-profit	0.315	$1,483
University of California-Berkeley	Public	0.309	$6,497
University of California-Davis	Public	0.296	$4,950
Milan Institute-Fresno	For-profit	0.285	$1,605
CET-San Jose	Non-profit	0.282	$689
Paul Mitchell the School-Costa Mesa	For-profit	0.266	$2,732
Pima Medical Institute-Chula Vista	For-profit	0.247	$1,356

Table 8: Grad PLUS

California institutions by ratio of Grad PLUS borrowers’ current balance to original balance, 10 years into repayment

Institution name	Control of institution	Ratio of current Grad PLUS balance to original balance, 10 years into repayment	Average outstanding Grad PLUS debt, 10 years into repayment
Life Chiropractic College West	Non-profit	1.332	$129,808
Southern California University of Health Sciences	Non-profit	1.252	$116,075
American Film Institute Conservatory	Non-profit	1.219	$101,362
Thomas Jefferson School of Law	Non-profit	1.158	$101,082
Pacific Oaks College	Non-profit	1.134	$41,115
California Western School of Law	Non-profit	1.039	$94,489
California Institute of the Arts	Non-profit	1.036	$52,342
La Sierra University	Non-profit	1.031	$32,249
Academy of Art University	For-profit	1.026	$40,002
Pacifica Graduate Institute	For-profit	1.024	$43,433
Five Branches University	For-profit	1.016	$76,386
DeVry University-California	For-profit	1.012	$28,745
John F. Kennedy University	Non-profit	0.998	$47,122
University of Phoenix-California	For-profit	0.997	$22,680
Saybrook University	Non-profit	0.992	$40,947
Pacific College of Health and Science	For-profit	0.991	$54,627
California Baptist University	Non-profit	0.990	$30,220
California State University-San Bernardino	Public	0.974	$23,464
The Wright Institute	Non-profit	0.972	$64,935
University of La Verne	Non-profit	0.960	$31,845
San Joaquin College of Law	Non-profit	0.957	$42,613
Ashford University	For-profit	0.954	$18,534
Alliant International University-San Diego	For-profit	0.951	$55,189
Trident University International	For-profit	0.926	$14,602
Sofia University	For-profit	0.922	$44,190
Los Angeles Center	Non-profit	0.922	$32,120
The Chicago School of Professional Psychology at Los Angeles	Non-profit	0.919	$44,972
California Institute of Integral Studies	Non-profit	0.919	$40,954
Pacific School of Religion	Non-profit	0.917	$29,496
Trinity Law School	Non-profit	0.911	$30,707
Claremont Graduate University	Non-profit	0.909	$44,520
Woodbury University	Non-profit	0.901	$29,744
Vanguard University of Southern California	Non-profit	0.899	$20,521
Whittier College	Non-profit	0.889	$47,718
Antioch University-Los Angeles	Non-profit	0.889	$33,879
Southwestern Law School	Non-profit	0.874	$75,095
Palo Alto University	Non-profit	0.870	$69,891
Columbia College - Los Alamitos	Non-profit	0.858	$14,551
Emperor’s College of Traditional Oriental Medicine	For-profit	0.852	$31,489
Notre Dame de Namur University	Non-profit	0.850	$27,913
National University	Non-profit	0.846	$20,324
Fielding Graduate University	Non-profit	0.843	$33,245
Golden Gate University-San Francisco	Non-profit	0.836	$36,458
Holy Names University	Non-profit	0.832	$23,619
Mills College	Non-profit	0.831	$27,847
California State University-Bakersfield	Public	0.815	$11,403
Hope International University	Non-profit	0.803	$17,544
Humboldt State University	Public	0.801	$15,691
Bard College - MAT Program CA	Non-profit	0.795	$28,544
Chapman University	Non-profit	0.785	$28,719
California State University-Dominguez Hills	Public	0.774	$11,774
Sonoma State University	Public	0.767	$21,875
San Francisco Art Institute	Non-profit	0.764	$35,217
California State University-Chico	Public	0.759	$13,535
Fuller Theological Seminary	Non-profit	0.758	$24,597
Loyola Marymount University	Non-profit	0.758	$41,751
Fresno Pacific University	Non-profit	0.756	$16,667
California State University-Los Angeles	Public	0.755	$10,458
Mount Saint Mary’s University	Non-profit	0.753	$25,578
California State University-Northridge	Public	0.753	$17,298
San Francisco State University	Public	0.752	$19,519
Azusa Pacific University	Non-profit	0.749	$19,415
University of Redlands	Non-profit	0.747	$21,390
South Baylo University	Non-profit	0.745	$20,227
University of California-Riverside	Public	0.733	$18,145
California State University-San Marcos	Public	0.719	$13,096
Southern California Institute of Architecture	Non-profit	0.719	$47,291
Pepperdine University	Non-profit	0.719	$39,666
Newschool of Architecture and Design	For-profit	0.716	$34,763
California Lutheran University	Non-profit	0.715	$18,440
California State University-East Bay	Public	0.711	$14,311
California College of the Arts	Non-profit	0.701	$29,379
University of San Diego	Non-profit	0.688	$34,171
Dominican University of California	Non-profit	0.675	$20,585
Point Loma Nazarene University	Non-profit	0.674	$15,357
California State University-Sacramento	Public	0.666	$13,777
California State University-Stanislaus	Public	0.664	$11,304
San Diego State University	Public	0.662	$15,983
Saint Mary’s College of California	Non-profit	0.658	$20,561
California State Polytechnic University-Pomona	Public	0.657	$13,139
Bethel Seminary-San Diego	Non-profit	0.652	$14,280
California State University-Fresno	Public	0.645	$11,437
Biola University	Non-profit	0.644	$12,206
California State University-Fullerton	Public	0.642	$13,485
San Francisco Conservatory of Music	Non-profit	0.640	$20,884
University of California-Santa Barbara	Public	0.637	$19,216
Concordia University-Irvine	Non-profit	0.627	$11,382
California State University-Long Beach	Public	0.621	$10,241
University of San Francisco	Non-profit	0.616	$30,064
Touro University California	Non-profit	0.615	$54,251
University of Southern California	Non-profit	0.606	$42,397
University of California-Santa Cruz	Public	0.605	$15,181
University of the Pacific	Non-profit	0.593	$52,155
Samuel Merritt University	Non-profit	0.590	$58,496
Loma Linda University	Non-profit	0.571	$44,599
Santa Clara University	Non-profit	0.567	$29,395
San Jose State University	Public	0.558	$9,689
Western University of Health Sciences	Non-profit	0.554	$61,978
Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey	Non-profit	0.539	$16,796
University of California-Hastings College of Law	Public	0.529	$35,034
University of California-Irvine	Public	0.495	$20,021
California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo	Public	0.461	$8,182
University of California-Davis	Public	0.459	$16,818
Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion-Los Angeles	Non-profit	0.438	$19,165
University of California-Los Angeles	Public	0.438	$19,177
Marshall B Ketchum University	Non-profit	0.416	$31,177
University of California-San Diego	Public	0.406	$12,403
University of California-Berkeley	Public	0.364	$14,136
University of California-San Francisco	Public	0.307	$15,525
Western Seminary-San Jose	Non-profit	0.245	$3,382
Stanford University	Non-profit	0.180	$7,184

Data source and notes

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xxx

Table 9: Stafford

California institutions by share of Stafford borrowers who are in default, delinquent, or not making progress three years into repayment

Institution name	Control of institution	Estimated share of Stafford borrowers who are in default, delinquent, or not making progress three years into repayment
Hussian College-Los Angeles	For-profit	53.0%
Laurus College	For-profit	52.5%
College of Marin	Public	51.0%
Diversified Vocational College	For-profit	51.0%
American College of Healthcare and Technology	For-profit	50.5%
UEI College-Fresno	For-profit	50.0%
Milan Institute of Cosmetology-Fairfield	For-profit	49.0%
Associated Technical College-Los Angeles	For-profit	48.5%
Los Angeles Film School	For-profit	47.0%
Laney College	Public	46.5%
West Hills College-Coalinga	Public	46.5%
SUM Bible College and Theological Seminary	Non-profit	46.5%
North Adrian’s College of Beauty Inc	For-profit	46.0%
Milan Institute-Fresno	For-profit	46.0%
San Joaquin Delta College	Public	46.0%
Victor Valley College	Public	46.0%
UEI College-Gardena	For-profit	46.0%
Ashford University	For-profit	46.0%
United Education Institute-Huntington Park Campus	For-profit	45.0%
Cosumnes River College	Public	44.5%
College of the Siskiyous	Public	44.5%
Milan Institute-Palm Desert	For-profit	44.5%
Santa Barbara Business College-Bakersfield	For-profit	44.5%
American River College	Public	44.0%
California College San Diego	Non-profit	44.0%
Institute of Technology	For-profit	43.0%
Antelope Valley College	Public	43.0%
University of Phoenix-California	For-profit	43.0%
Coastline Community College	Public	42.5%
Bakersfield College	Public	42.5%
City College of San Francisco	Public	42.5%
Fremont College	For-profit	42.5%
Sacramento City College	Public	42.0%
San Joaquin Valley College-Visalia	For-profit	42.0%
DeVry University-California	For-profit	42.0%
Butte College	Public	42.0%
Allan Hancock College	Public	41.5%
Cabrillo College	Public	41.5%
International School of Beauty Inc	For-profit	41.5%
Reedley College	Public	41.5%
Mendocino College	Public	41.5%
Merritt College	Public	41.5%
Monterey Peninsula College	Public	41.5%
Salon Success Academy-Corona	For-profit	41.5%
San Jose City College	Public	41.5%
Solano Community College	Public	41.5%
South Coast College	For-profit	41.5%
Pacific College of Health and Science	For-profit	41.5%
Folsom Lake College	Public	41.5%
United States University	For-profit	41.5%
SAE Expression College	For-profit	41.5%
West Hills College-Lemoore	Public	41.5%
Avalon School of Cosmetology-Alameda	For-profit	41.0%
Feather River Community College District	Public	41.0%
Paul Mitchell the School-Fresno	For-profit	41.0%
Humphreys University-Stockton and Modesto Campuses	Non-profit	40.5%
San Diego City College	Public	40.5%
CET-San Diego	Non-profit	40.0%
Los Angeles Pierce College	Public	40.0%
Sierra College	Public	40.0%
InterCoast Colleges-Santa Ana	For-profit	40.0%
Columbia College - Los Alamitos	Non-profit	39.0%
Columbia College Hollywood	Non-profit	38.5%
Los Angeles Trade Technical College	Public	38.5%
Shasta College	Public	38.5%
Mayfield College	For-profit	38.5%
Southern California Health Institute	For-profit	38.5%
Universal Technical Institute of Northern California Inc	For-profit	38.0%
Academy of Art University	For-profit	37.0%
Los Angeles City College	Public	37.0%
Carrington College-Sacramento	For-profit	37.0%
Summit College	For-profit	37.0%
Universal Technical Institute of California Inc	For-profit	37.0%
American Career College-Ontario	For-profit	37.0%
American Academy of Dramatic Arts-Los Angeles	Non-profit	36.5%
California Institute of the Arts	Non-profit	36.5%
College of the Canyons	Public	36.5%
Chabot College	Public	36.5%
Contra Costa College	Public	36.5%
Fresno City College	Public	36.5%
Irvine Valley College	Public	36.5%
John F. Kennedy University	Non-profit	36.5%
Los Angeles Valley College	Public	36.5%
Los Angeles Mission College	Public	36.5%
MiraCosta College	Public	36.5%
Concorde Career College-San Diego	For-profit	36.5%
Pasadena City College	Public	36.5%
College of the Redwoods	Public	36.5%
Ventura College	Public	36.5%
Berkeley City College	Public	36.5%
Woodbury University	Non-profit	36.5%
California Healing Arts College	For-profit	36.5%
Career Care Institute	For-profit	36.5%
Paul Mitchell the School-Sacramento	For-profit	36.5%
Aveda Institute-Los Angeles	For-profit	36.5%
Bellus Academy-Chula Vista	For-profit	36.0%
Fullerton College	Public	36.0%
Institute for Business and Technology	For-profit	36.0%
Long Beach City College	Public	36.0%
Salon Success Academy-Upland	For-profit	36.0%
Santa Barbara City College	Public	36.0%
Antioch University-Los Angeles	Non-profit	36.0%
California Aeronautical University	For-profit	36.0%
Design’s School of Cosmetology	For-profit	36.0%
National Career College	For-profit	36.0%
Cinta Aveda Institute	For-profit	36.0%
Musicians Institute	For-profit	34.5%
Foothill College	Public	34.5%
Marymount California University	Non-profit	34.5%
Concorde Career College-San Bernardino	For-profit	34.5%
New York Film Academy	For-profit	34.5%
Milan Institute-Visalia	For-profit	34.0%
American Career College-Los Angeles	For-profit	34.0%
De Anza College	Public	34.0%
Riverside City College	Public	34.0%
Santa Barbara Business College-Santa Maria	For-profit	34.0%
Platt College-Los Angeles	For-profit	34.0%
La Sierra University	Non-profit	33.0%
Citrus College	Public	32.5%
East Los Angeles College	Public	32.5%
San Diego Mesa College	Public	32.5%
Santa Monica College	Public	32.5%
Career Networks Institute	For-profit	32.5%
Cerritos College	Public	32.0%
San Diego Christian College	Non-profit	32.0%
National University	Non-profit	32.0%
West Coast Ultrasound Institute	For-profit	32.0%
Trident University International	For-profit	32.0%
Homestead Schools	Non-profit	32.0%
Cogswell University of Silicon Valley	For-profit	31.5%
Golden West College	Public	31.5%
International School of Cosmetology	For-profit	31.5%
Los Angeles Southwest College	Public	31.5%
Moorpark College	Public	31.5%
Mt San Antonio College	Public	31.5%
Palomar College	Public	31.5%
Santa Ana College	Public	31.5%
San Diego Miramar College	Public	31.5%
San Francisco Art Institute	Non-profit	31.5%
College of the Sequoias	Public	31.5%
Southwestern College	Public	31.5%
West Los Angeles College	Public	31.5%
Miami Ad School-San Francisco	For-profit	31.5%
Paul Mitchell the School-Pasadena	For-profit	31.5%
The Chicago School of Professional Psychology at Anaheim	Non-profit	31.5%
California Nurses Educational Institute	For-profit	31.5%
Angeles Institute	For-profit	31.5%
Paul Mitchell the School-Temecula	For-profit	31.5%
Paul Mitchell the School-Modesto	For-profit	31.5%
Moreno Valley College	Public	31.5%
California Career Institute	For-profit	31.5%
Bellus Academy-El Cajon	For-profit	31.0%
Spartan College of Aeronautics & Technology	For-profit	31.0%
Advanced Career Institute	For-profit	31.0%
High Desert Medical College	For-profit	31.0%
California Baptist University	Non-profit	31.0%
Brandman University	Non-profit	31.0%
Cambridge Junior College-Yuba City	For-profit	31.0%
San Francisco Institute of Esthetics & Cosmetology Inc	For-profit	31.0%
Santa Rosa Junior College	Public	30.5%
Asher College	For-profit	30.5%
Holy Names University	Non-profit	30.5%
Trinity Law School	Non-profit	30.5%
University of Antelope Valley	For-profit	30.5%
Grossmont College	Public	30.0%
University of La Verne	Non-profit	30.0%
Cuesta College	Public	30.0%
Cypress College	Public	30.0%
FIDM-Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising-Los Angeles	For-profit	30.0%
Hope International University	Non-profit	30.0%
Pacific Oaks College	Non-profit	30.0%
Saddleback College	Public	30.0%
California State University-Bakersfield	Public	29.0%
Pima Medical Institute-Chula Vista	For-profit	29.0%
Humboldt State University	Public	29.0%
Los Angeles Center	Non-profit	29.0%
Art Center College of Design	Non-profit	28.5%
MTI College	For-profit	28.5%
Orange Coast College	Public	28.5%
Pacific Union College	Non-profit	28.5%
Concorde Career College-North Hollywood	For-profit	28.5%
Whittier College	Non-profit	28.5%
Bellus Academy-Poway	For-profit	28.5%
Premiere Career College	For-profit	28.5%
Fresno Pacific University	Non-profit	28.0%
Mount Saint Mary’s University	Non-profit	28.0%
National Holistic Institute	For-profit	28.0%
California State University-San Bernardino	Public	27.0%
California State University-Dominguez Hills	Public	27.0%
Casa Loma College-Van Nuys	Non-profit	27.0%
Laguna College of Art and Design	Non-profit	27.0%
Otis College of Art and Design	Non-profit	27.0%
University of Redlands	Non-profit	27.0%
Diablo Valley College	Public	26.5%
Empire College	For-profit	26.5%
Federico Beauty Institute	For-profit	26.5%
Glendale Community College	Public	26.5%
Golden Gate University-San Francisco	Non-profit	26.5%
Menlo College	Non-profit	26.5%
Concorde Career College-Garden Grove	For-profit	26.5%
Pacific College	For-profit	26.5%
CBD College	Non-profit	26.5%
NTMA Training Centers of Southern California	Non-profit	26.5%
Blake Austin College	For-profit	26.5%
Paul Mitchell the School-Sherman Oaks	For-profit	26.5%
Paul Mitchell the School-East Bay	For-profit	26.5%
California College of the Arts	Non-profit	26.0%
California Hair Design Academy	For-profit	26.0%
Lu Ross Academy	For-profit	26.0%
Mills College	Non-profit	26.0%
Notre Dame de Namur University	Non-profit	26.0%
Vanguard University of Southern California	Non-profit	26.0%
Chamberlain University-California	For-profit	26.0%
Azusa Pacific University	Non-profit	25.0%
California State University-East Bay	Public	25.0%
West Coast University-Los Angeles	For-profit	25.0%
Gurnick Academy of Medical Arts	For-profit	25.0%
California State University-Fresno	Public	24.0%
California State University-Sacramento	Public	24.0%
Bard College - MAT Program CA	Non-profit	24.0%
North-West College-Pomona	For-profit	24.0%
San Francisco State University	Public	24.0%
William Jessup University	Non-profit	24.0%
California State University-Monterey Bay	Public	24.0%
Culinary Institute of America at Greystone	Non-profit	24.0%
California State University-Stanislaus	Public	23.0%
California State University-Chico	Public	23.0%
California State University-San Marcos	Public	23.0%
California State University-Los Angeles	Public	23.0%
Southern California Institute of Technology	For-profit	22.5%
University of California-Riverside	Public	22.0%
Concordia University-Irvine	Non-profit	22.0%
North-West College-Van Nuys	For-profit	22.0%
California State University-Channel Islands	Public	22.0%
California Lutheran University	Non-profit	22.0%
California State University-Northridge	Public	22.0%
Glendale Career College	For-profit	22.0%
North-West College-West Covina	For-profit	22.0%
Career Academy of Beauty	For-profit	21.5%
Life Pacific University	Non-profit	21.5%
Loma Linda University	Non-profit	21.5%
Palomar Institute of Cosmetology	For-profit	21.5%
Central Coast College	For-profit	21.5%
California State Polytechnic University-Pomona	Public	21.0%
San Diego State University	Public	21.0%
Sonoma State University	Public	21.0%
Unitek College	For-profit	21.0%
Biola University	Non-profit	20.0%
California State University-Fullerton	Public	20.0%
California State University-Long Beach	Public	20.0%
University of California-Santa Cruz	Public	20.0%
Chapman University	Non-profit	20.0%
Dominican University of California	Non-profit	20.0%
Simpson University	Non-profit	20.0%
University of California-Merced	Public	20.0%
Stanbridge University	For-profit	20.0%
Pepperdine University	Non-profit	20.0%
University of the Pacific	Non-profit	19.0%
Point Loma Nazarene University	Non-profit	19.0%
University of San Francisco	Non-profit	19.0%
Saint Mary’s College of California	Non-profit	19.0%
Make-up Designory	For-profit	18.5%
Institute of Culinary Education	For-profit	18.5%
San Jose State University	Public	18.0%
Bethel Seminary-San Diego	Non-profit	18.0%
Loyola Marymount University	Non-profit	17.0%
California State University Maritime Academy	Public	17.0%
Pitzer College	Non-profit	17.0%
Brownson Technical School	For-profit	16.5%
Unitek College	For-profit	16.5%
University of California-Santa Barbara	Public	16.0%
University of San Diego	Non-profit	16.0%
University of Southern California	Non-profit	16.0%
University of California-Irvine	Public	15.0%
University of California-Los Angeles	Public	15.0%
Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey	Non-profit	13.5%
Occidental College	Non-profit	13.5%
University of California-Berkeley	Public	13.0%
University of California-San Diego	Public	13.0%
California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo	Public	12.0%
University of California-Davis	Public	12.0%
The Master’s University and Seminary	Non-profit	11.5%
Westmont College	Non-profit	11.5%
Stanford University	Non-profit	11.5%
Santa Clara University	Non-profit	9.0%
Harvey Mudd College	Non-profit	7.5%
Samuel Merritt University	Non-profit	7.5%
Associated Technical College-San Diego	For-profit	NA
Moler Barber College	For-profit	NA

Table 9: Parent PLUS

California institutions by share of Parent PLUS borrowers who are in default, delinquent, or not making progress three years into repayment

Institution name	Control of institution	Estimated share of Parent PLUS borrowers who are in default, delinquent, or not making progress three years into repayment
UEI College-Fresno	For-profit	36.5%
Saint Mary’s College of California	Non-profit	36.5%
United Education Institute-Huntington Park Campus	For-profit	36.5%
Ashford University	For-profit	36.5%
Los Angeles Film School	For-profit	36.5%
University of Phoenix-California	For-profit	35.0%
Culinary Institute of America at Greystone	Non-profit	32.5%
FIDM-Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising-Los Angeles	For-profit	32.0%
California College of the Arts	Non-profit	31.5%
Columbia College Hollywood	Non-profit	31.5%
Musicians Institute	For-profit	31.5%
Notre Dame de Namur University	Non-profit	31.5%
Otis College of Art and Design	Non-profit	31.5%
Whittier College	Non-profit	31.5%
American Career College-Ontario	For-profit	31.5%
Academy of Art University	For-profit	30.0%
California Baptist University	Non-profit	30.0%
West Coast University-Los Angeles	For-profit	30.0%
DeVry University-California	For-profit	29.0%
California State University-Fullerton	Public	27.0%
Concordia University-Irvine	Non-profit	27.0%
Point Loma Nazarene University	Non-profit	27.0%
University of Redlands	Non-profit	27.0%
Santa Clara University	Non-profit	27.0%
Vanguard University of Southern California	Non-profit	27.0%
Woodbury University	Non-profit	27.0%
University of La Verne	Non-profit	26.5%
La Sierra University	Non-profit	26.5%
California Lutheran University	Non-profit	26.0%
University of Southern California	Non-profit	25.0%
University of San Diego	Non-profit	24.0%
Chamberlain University-California	For-profit	24.0%
Loyola Marymount University	Non-profit	23.5%
California State Polytechnic University-Pomona	Public	22.0%
California State University-Chico	Public	22.0%
California State University-East Bay	Public	22.0%
California State University-Long Beach	Public	22.0%
Humboldt State University	Public	22.0%
Bethel Seminary-San Diego	Non-profit	22.0%
Universal Technical Institute of California Inc	For-profit	22.0%
Biola University	Non-profit	22.0%
University of the Pacific	Non-profit	22.0%
San Francisco State University	Public	22.0%
University of San Francisco	Non-profit	22.0%
San Joaquin Valley College-Visalia	For-profit	22.0%
UEI College-Gardena	For-profit	22.0%
Universal Technical Institute of Northern California Inc	For-profit	22.0%
California State University-San Bernardino	Public	21.5%
Pepperdine University	Non-profit	21.5%
Make-up Designory	For-profit	21.5%
American Career College-Los Angeles	For-profit	20.5%
California State University-Sacramento	Public	20.0%
Carrington College-Sacramento	For-profit	20.0%
Pima Medical Institute-Chula Vista	For-profit	20.0%
University of California-Riverside	Public	19.0%
University of California-Santa Barbara	Public	19.0%
University of California-Merced	Public	18.0%
University of California-Los Angeles	Public	18.0%
University of California-Santa Cruz	Public	18.0%
Chapman University	Non-profit	17.5%
California State University-Stanislaus	Public	17.0%
California State University-Northridge	Public	17.0%
Mount Saint Mary’s University	Non-profit	17.0%
California State University-Monterey Bay	Public	17.0%
California State University-Channel Islands	Public	17.0%
Unitek College	For-profit	17.0%
Bard College - MAT Program CA	Non-profit	17.0%
Azusa Pacific University	Non-profit	16.0%
San Diego State University	Public	16.0%
University of California-Berkeley	Public	14.0%
University of California-Irvine	Public	14.0%
San Jose State University	Public	14.0%
California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo	Public	14.0%
Sonoma State University	Public	13.5%
University of California-Davis	Public	13.0%
University of California-San Diego	Public	12.0%

Table 9: Grad PLUS

California institutions by share of Grad PLUS borrowers who are in default, delinquent, or not making progress three years into repayment

Institution name	Control of institution	Estimated share of Grad PLUS borrowers who are in default, delinquent, or not making progress three years into repayment
California College of the Arts	Non-profit	47.0%
Pacifica Graduate Institute	For-profit	47.0%
Life Chiropractic College West	Non-profit	47.0%
Southern California University of Health Sciences	Non-profit	47.0%
Notre Dame de Namur University	Non-profit	47.0%
Palo Alto University	Non-profit	47.0%
Pacific College of Health and Science	For-profit	47.0%
Ashford University	For-profit	44.0%
California Baptist University	Non-profit	43.0%
University of Phoenix-California	For-profit	42.0%
Academy of Art University	For-profit	42.0%
Azusa Pacific University	Non-profit	42.0%
University of La Verne	Non-profit	41.0%
University of San Francisco	Non-profit	41.0%
California State University-San Bernardino	Public	40.0%
DeVry University-California	For-profit	40.0%
National University	Non-profit	39.0%
Pepperdine University	Non-profit	39.0%
Brandman University	Non-profit	39.0%
California State Polytechnic University-Pomona	Public	38.0%
Fresno Pacific University	Non-profit	38.0%
University of Redlands	Non-profit	38.0%
San Diego State University	Public	38.0%
Trinity Law School	Non-profit	38.0%
Columbia College - Los Alamitos	Non-profit	38.0%
California State University-Long Beach	Public	37.0%
California State University-Los Angeles	Public	37.0%
California State University-Northridge	Public	37.0%
University of California-Davis	Public	37.0%
University of California-Irvine	Public	37.0%
Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science	Non-profit	37.0%
Dominican University of California	Non-profit	37.0%
Fielding Graduate University	Non-profit	37.0%
Humboldt State University	Public	37.0%
Saybrook University	Non-profit	37.0%
Sonoma State University	Public	37.0%
California State University-Monterey Bay	Public	37.0%
Northcentral University	Non-profit	37.0%
Relay Graduate School of Education - California	Non-profit	36.5%
California State University-Stanislaus	Public	36.0%
California State University-Sacramento	Public	36.0%
Bethel Seminary-San Diego	Non-profit	36.0%
Samuel Merritt University	Non-profit	35.5%
California State University-East Bay	Public	35.0%
San Francisco State University	Public	35.0%
California State University-Fresno	Public	34.0%
University of California-Los Angeles	Public	33.0%
Trident University International	For-profit	33.0%
San Jose State University	Public	33.0%
Biola University	Non-profit	32.0%
California State University-Dominguez Hills	Public	32.0%
University of California-San Francisco	Public	32.0%
University of California-Santa Cruz	Public	32.0%
Saint Mary’s College of California	Non-profit	32.0%
Marshall B Ketchum University	Non-profit	32.0%
University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences	For-profit	32.0%
West Coast University-Los Angeles	For-profit	32.0%
Touro University Worldwide	Non-profit	32.0%
University of California-San Diego	Public	31.0%
University of California-Berkeley	Public	30.0%
Chamberlain University-California	For-profit	30.0%
California State University-Fullerton	Public	29.0%
University of California-Santa Barbara	Public	27.5%
Concordia University-Irvine	Non-profit	27.0%
California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo	Public	23.5%
Stanford University	Non-profit	17.0%
California Institute of Integral Studies	Non-profit	NA
University of California-Hastings College of Law	Public	NA
California Lutheran University	Non-profit	NA
Alliant International University-San Diego	For-profit	NA
California State University-Bakersfield	Public	NA
California State University-Chico	Public	NA
University of California-Riverside	Public	NA
California Institute of the Arts	Non-profit	NA
California Western School of Law	Non-profit	NA
Chapman University	Non-profit	NA
Claremont Graduate University	Non-profit	NA
Western University of Health Sciences	Non-profit	NA
Fuller Theological Seminary	Non-profit	NA
Golden Gate University-San Francisco	Non-profit	NA
Holy Names University	Non-profit	NA
John F. Kennedy University	Non-profit	NA
Loma Linda University	Non-profit	NA
Loyola Marymount University	Non-profit	NA
Mills College	Non-profit	NA
Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey	Non-profit	NA
Mount Saint Mary’s University	Non-profit	NA
Hope International University	Non-profit	NA
Pacific Oaks College	Non-profit	NA
University of the Pacific	Non-profit	NA
Point Loma Nazarene University	Non-profit	NA
University of San Diego	Non-profit	NA
Santa Clara University	Non-profit	NA
South Baylo University	Non-profit	NA
University of Southern California	Non-profit	NA
Southwestern Law School	Non-profit	NA
Whittier College	Non-profit	NA
Thomas Jefferson School of Law	Non-profit	NA
Antioch University-Los Angeles	Non-profit	NA
California State University-San Marcos	Public	NA
The Chicago School of Professional Psychology at Anaheim	Non-profit	NA
Touro University California	Non-profit	NA
Bard College - MAT Program CA	Non-profit	NA
Los Angeles Center	Non-profit	NA

Data source and notes

Remaining Gaps

• Influx and outflux of student loan borrowers into California
• List more brainstorming items here?